cúfm kdhl wkqr
;ukaf.au foaYmd,k .=rejrhdjQ
.=Kr;akï w;awvx.=jg
.ekSu msgqmi''

úmla‍Ifha m‍%Odk ixúOdhl Oqrh lrkak neßkx ´l §mx <ufhl=g''

fmrgq.dó iudcjd§ mla‍I kdhl l=ud¾ .=Kr;akï w;awvx.=jg .ekSu iïnkaOfhka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK lsisÿ m‍%ldYhla fkdlr isák ;;ajhla hgf;a cd;sl ksoyia fmruqK Bg úfrdaOh m, lrñka  mjikafka .=Kr;akï iu. foaYmd,k jYfhka u;.egqï ;snqKo Tyqg foaYmd,k lsÍfï bv ,nd Èh hq;= njhs'

j;auka cúfm kdhl wkqr l=udr Èidkdhlf.a foaYmd,k .=rejrhd jkafka fma‍%ul=udr .=Kr;ak nj lshefjk w;r we;eï udOH jd¾;d lrkafka Tyq w;awvx.=jg .ekSu msgqmi cúfm j;auka kdhlhdo isák njhs'

zúmla‍Ifha m‍%Odk ixúOdhl Oqrh <uhl=g fokakz - cdksfm kdhl úu,a ùrjxY

wo md¾,sfïka;=fõ úmla‍I ixúOdhljrhd úys¿ldrhl=f.a ;;a;ajhg weo jeà we;s nj;a tu Oqrh <uhl=g ,nd ÿkak o óg jvd fyd¢ka tu Oqrfha lghq;= bgq lrkq we;s nj;a cd;sl ksoyia fmruqfKa kdhl" md¾,sfïka;= uka;‍%S úu,a ùrjxY uy;d fmkajd fohs'

cd;sl ksoyia fmruqfKa n;a;ruq,af,a msysá m‍%Odk ld¾hd,fha§ meje;s udOH yuqjg tlafjñka úu,a ùrjxY uy;d fufia fmkajd ÿkafkah'

tys§ jeäÿrg;a woyia oela jQ úu,a ùrjxY uy;d fufiao i|yka lf<ah'

zfï wdKavqj iQodkï fjkjd §mjd,S W;aijhg l,ska m‍%n, t,a'à'à'B iellrejka msßila ksoyia lrkak' wfkla me;af;ka ysgmq wdrla‍Il yuqod m‍%OdkSka úúO fpdaokd hgf;a ckdêm;s fldñIka iNdj,g" uQ,H wmrdO fldÜGdihg Èkm;d" i;sm;d le|jkjd' wêlrK wud;Hjrhd m‍%ldY fldg ;sfnkjd ‘m<uqj f,fyisfhka ksoyia l< yels fldá iellrejka §mjd,shg fmr ksoyia lrkjd' kS;sm;s Wmfoia wkqj b;sß fldgi fojeks jgfha§ ksoyia lrkjdz lsh,d' t,a'à'à'B' iellrejka iïnkaOfhka fï wdKavqjg fï ;rï wkqlïmdjla we;s fjkak fya;=j l=ulao@ fï wh n,hg m;aùug fmr we;s jQ tl.;djla fkdfjhso fï C%shd;aul jkafka@ fï C%shd;aul jkafka fou< vhiafmdardfj;a" fou< cd;sl ikaOdkfha;a Wjukdj'

wo C%shd;aul jkafka fnÿïjd§kaf.a b,a,Sï muKhs' ck;djg ,nd fok iyk ms<sn| fndfyda iqrx.kd l;d lsõjd' kuq;a ;snQ ;;a;ajhg idfmala‍Ij nvq ñ, Èfkka Èk by< hkjd' tod remsh,a 140lg ;snQ mßmamq lsf,daj wo remsh,a 220hs' wo ud¿ ñßia lr,la lk tl mjd isyskhla njg m;aj ;sfnkjd' fï wdKavqjg rla;j¾K iqcd;Ndjhla msßkumq we;eï msßia fï ms<sn|j lgla wßkafka keye' Tjqka" miq.sh wdKavqjg wod<j hï fpdaokdjla ;snqKd kï th fï wdKavqfõ wjOdkhg fhduq lrjkak ú;rhs lg wßkafka'

cúfm kdhlhd wejka.d¾Ù isÿùu ms<sn| úYd, f>daIdjla l<d' kuq;a ^04& md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ fmd,Sish Ndr wud;Hjrhd mejiqjd zwejka.d¾Ù isÿùu ñf,akshï isá isÿùu jf.a fmd,Sish ,l=Kq oud .kak lrmq jevlaz lsh,d' ;ukau uykais fj,d yomq wdKavqfõ fmd,Sish Ndr weu;sjrhd tfyu lshk fldg oeka fudllao wkqr Èidkdhlg l:d lrkak b;sß jk m‍%Yakh@ taflkau fmfkkjd fkao" úmla‍Ifha m‍%Odk ixúOdhl wo úys¿ldrhl=f.a ;;a;ajhg m;a fj,d lsh,d' wmg lshkak ;sfhkafka zúmla‍I ixúOdhllu <uhl=g fokakz lsh,d' fï wdKavqj hymd,k uQ,O¾u" mqreId¾: wuq wuqfõ lvk fldg fuhd ksyvhs' È.ska È.gu zwejka.d¾Ù wejka.d¾Ùz lshñka .shd' Bfha md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ tal;a mqiaila nj fy<s jqKd'

zjirlg remsh,a ,la‍Ihl noaolaz
iEu mqrjeishl=gu f.jkak fjkjd’

rù lreKdkdhl uqo,a weu;sjrhd oekgu;a mjid ;sfnkjd zB<. whjefhka nÿ wdodhu remsh,a ì,shk 2000 olajd by< kxjkjdz lsh,d' fï lshkafka l=ulao@ Tn okakjd Rcq nÿ wh lrkak mq¿jka iSudiys;j lsh,d' ta wkqj jC% nÿ b;d úYd, jYfhka by< hkjd lshk tlhs fï lshkafka' jC% nÿ by< hkjd lshkafka mdßfNda.sl ck;djg oekg ;sfnk Ôjk nrg;a jvd jeä nrlg lr .ykak fjkjd lshk tlhs' nÿ wdodhu remsh,a ì,shk 2000 olajd by< kxjkjd lshkafka fï rfÜ iEu mqrjeishl=gu jirlg remsh,a ,la‍Ihlg wêl uqo,la rchg f.jkak isÿ fjkjd lshk tlhs'

zhymd,k wrefudaiï l;d lshmq fï whz
kS;s wOHdmk iNdj;a fl,i,d’

fï jk úg rdcH fiajd fldñIka iNdfõ f,alïjrhd újD; whÿïm;‍% le|ùulska f;drj m;a lrf.k tys iajdëk;ajh fl,i,d oumq fï wdKavqj lrmq ;j;a tjeks m;a lsÍula uu wo fmkajd fokakï' hymd,kh .ek foaYkd lrñka .shmq fï wh b;du;a my;a ;;a;ajhlg wo weo jeà ;sfnk nj thska Tng fmfkú'

kS;s wOHdmkh kshdukh lsÍu i|yd 1901§ msysgqjmq ixia:d.; kS;s wOHdmk iNdj miq.sh wjqreÿ 115 mqrd kS;s la‍fIa;‍%hg kS;s{jreka ìyslsÍfï iajdëk;dj wdrla‍Id lsÍu fjkqfjka úYd, jevfldgila bgq l<d' fuu kS;s wOHdmk iNdfõ iNdm;sjrhd jkafka ks, n,fhkau w.%úksYaphldr;=ud' tys f,alï Oqrh orkafka kS;s úoHd,fha úÿy,am;s;=ud' fiiq idudðlhka jkafka fYa%IaGdêlrKfha úksiqrejreka fofofkla" kS;sm;s;=ud" wêlrK wud;HdxYfha f,alï;=ud" wêlrK wud;Hjrhd úiska m;a lrk idudðlhka 06 fofkla yd Y‍%S ,xld kS;s{ ix.uh úiska m;alrkq ,nk idudðlhka fofofkla'

fujr Y‍%S ,xld kS;s{ ix.uh úiska m;alrk idudðlhka fofokdf.ka flfkla f,i kS;s{ id,sh mSßia uy;dj m;a lr ;sfnkjd' wmg id,sh mSßia uy;a;hd iu. fm!oa.,sl m‍%Yakhla keye' kuq;a ksfhdacH wud;H kS;s{ wð;a mS fmf¾rd" .=jkaúÿ,s ixia:dfõ iNdm;s kS;s{ kkao uq;af;Ügqfõ.u" rdjh mqj;amf;a m‍%Odk l¾;D kS;s{ fla' ví,sõ' ckrxck yd kS;s{ id,sh mSßia hk uy;ajre tl;= fj,d CFPS^Center For Professional Studies& wdh;kh m;ajdf.k hkjd' tu wdh;kh kS;s m‍%fõY úNd.hg Wmldrl mka;s mj;ajk Èjhsfka m‍%Odk;u wdh;kh' ta jf.au ,kavka úYaj úoHd,hg wkqnoaOj kS;s Wmdêh b;d úYd, uqo,lg ,nd§fï lghq;=;a fï wdh;kh úiska isÿ lrkjd' fujeks wdh;khl ysñlrejka y;rfokdf.ka tla whl= kS;s wOHdmk iNdfõ idudðlhl= ùu wkql+, jkafka ljr hymd,k uQ,O¾uhlgo@ fïl idOdrKo@ iodpdriïmkako@ fu;ek§ ziajd¾:h ms<sn| .egquz^Conflict of Interest& u;= fjkjd fkao@ udi 10l md,k ld,h ;=< fï wdKavqj fmkajd § ;sfnkjd" ;uka n,hg tkak n,df.k foaYkd lf<a zhymd,k nKz fkdfjhs zjeÈ nKz lsh,d'

zyhsì‍%Ù wdKavqfõ yhsì‍%Ù jmau.=,z

fï wh wo bmerKs iïm‍%odhkag i,lkafka keye' fujr rdcH jmau.=,a W;aijfha§ iSidkak ó .jhl= iy t< .jhl= fhdod f.k wid¾:l fj,d wka;sfï§ w;ag‍%elagrfhka ;uhs iSid,d ;sfhkafka' f.dúhdg ,nd fok rdcH f.!rjhla yeáhghs rdcH jmau.=, mj;ajkafka' fï wh tajd fkdi,ld ;ukaf.a wdKavqfõ fouqyqka iajNdjh fmkajkakhs fï t< .jhhs" ó .jhhs fhdod f.k we;af;a' Tkak fï fouqyqka wdKavqfõ ;ru' f.dúhdg fkdi,lkjd muKla fkdfjhs fujr wh-jefhka fmdfydr iykdOdrh lmd oeófï iQodkula mj;sk nj;a fmfkkjd' r;k iajdñkajykafia lshk zfmdfydr iykdOdrh fjkqfjka jeh jk uqo, f.dúhd w;g fokakz lshk l;dj we;=f<a ;sfhkafka tal' fï úÈyg fï rfÜ wd¾:sl" foaYmd,k lafIa;‍%j, muKla fkdfjhs iudc ixialD;sl foayh ;=<;a úYd, ì| jeàula we;s fj,d ;sfnkjd' ta ish,a, ms<sn|j md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< y`v ke.Sfï bvlv" ckjdß 08 jeksod yxi mQÜgqjg lr .ymq wh úiska wo cdksfm we;=¿ taldnoaO úmlaIhg wysñ lrñka ;sfnkjd'

zcdksfm m‍%;sixúOdkh fjhsz

fï ish¨ ;;ajhka u; wms cd;sl ksoyia fmruqK úÈyg m‍%;sixúOdk jevms<sfj<la weröug ;SrKh l<d' rgg ys;e;s ish¨ cd;sl;ajhkag wh;a ;reK" jeäysá" ldka;d" msßñ msßiaj,g wms werhqï lrkjd t<fUk m<d;a md,k ue;sjrKfha§ wm;a iu. ;rÕjÈkak tl;= fjkak lsh,d' Tnf.a b,a¨ï m;‍% wxl 21$1" wfYdal udj;" chka;smqr" n;a;ruq,a, hk ,smskhg fyda 011 2882176 *elaia wxlhg fhduq l< yelshs' jeä úia;r 0113071340$011 2883365 ÿrl:kfhka ,nd .; yelshs' ta jf.au Èia;‍%slalj,g wmf.a wdik ixúOdhljreka f,i lghq;= lsÍug iqÿiqlï we;s msßiaj,skq;a wms whÿïm;a le|ùug fï m‍%;sixúOdk jevms<sfj< hgf;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd'

z.sfha ysÜ,¾o@ wdfõ pema,skao@z
cdksfmka ckyuq oioyila

md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ jf.au ckudOH u.skq;a fndfyda ÿrg hgm;a lr,d ;sfnk wfma u;h /f.k wms .ñka .ug hkak iQdokï' ta .ek bÈßfha§ udi tlyudrl ld,h ;=< rgmqrd z.sfha ysÜ,¾o@ wdfõ pema,skao@z hk f;audj hgf;a wfma mla‍I kdhlhka Èia;‍%slal fnodf.k ckyuq oioyila mj;ajkak iQodkï fjkjd'

zfma‍%ul=ud¾ .=Kr;akïf.a foaYmd,kh lsÍfï whs;shz
ovhï lrkak tmd`’

uu fï udOH yuqfõ§ úfYaIfhka i|yka l< hq;=hs" miq.sh^04& fmrgq.dó iudcjd§ mla‍Ifha kdhl" fma‍%ul=ud¾ .=Kr;akï uy;d w;awvx.=jg .ekSu ms<sn|j' wfma mla‍Ih iy fmrgq.dó iudcjd§ mla‍Ih w;r fndfyda u;jd§ fjkialï ;sfnkjd' foaYmd,k jYfhka wms w;r fndfyda mEfyk ,la‍IKj,g jvd fkdmEfyk ,la‍IK jeä fjkak mq¿jka' ta fudkjd jqK;a fma‍%ul=udr .=Kr;akï ,xldfõ Wmka flfkla' fï rfÜ ld,hla ;siafia Ôj;a jqKq flfkla' W.;a flfkla' 87-89 ld,h ;=< Y‍%S ,xldfõ we;s jqKq jd;djrKh ksid Tyqg isÿ jqKd fjk;a iajrEmhlska fjk;a kulska fmkS isákak' miqld,Skj;a Tyq ta wdldrhg fmkS bo,d ;sfhkjd' flfia jqj;a Tyq úfoaY.; ù ,xldjg kej; meñfKk úg fjk;a kulska fmkS isàu iïnkaOfhka óg by;§ w;awvx.=jg m;a jqKd' ta jk úg wms wdKavqj ;=< isáh;a ta wjia:dfõ§;a b;d n,lr b,a,d isáhd" zTyqj ksoyia lrkak' w;awvx.=fõ isáh§ Tyqg wk;=rla ùug ;sfhk bvlv j<lajkak’ lsh,dz m‍%isoaO ksfõokhla u.ska ta b,a,Su wms l<d'

fldákag oaú;aj mqrjeisNdjh fok wdKavqjla fïl' fldá vhiafmdardfõ idudðlhkag ztkak tkakz lsh,d oeka oaú;aj mqrjeisNdjh fokjd' f.da,Sh fou< ixiofha m‍%OdkS tudkqfj,a msh;=ud ckm;s" w.ue;s werhqñka ;uka fkdjeïnrfha§ Y‍%S ,xldjg meñfKk nj mjid ;sfnkjd' tfyu wdKavqjla wd.uk ú.uk kS;s levqjd lsh,d fmrgq.dó mla‍Ifha kdhlhd w;awvx.=jg .kakjd' uu okafka keye fïjd fjkafka ldf.a n,lsÍu u;o lsh,d' iuyrúg r;= w,s meáhd fjkak mq¿jka fïl msgqmi;a bkafka' fldfydu jqK;a wms b;du;a ´kElñka lshkjd wdKavqjg" zfma‍%ul=udr .=Kr;akï uy;df.a mqrjeisNdjh ms<sn| m‍%Yakhla ;sfhkjd kï Tyqg oaú;aj mqrjeisNdjh ,ndfokak' tfia ,nd§ fï rg ;=< foaYmd,kh lsÍfï whs;sh ms<sn| .eg¿jla ;sfnkjd kï th ksrdlrKh lrkak' tfia fkdlr Tyqf.a foaYmd,kh lsÍfï whs;sh ovhï lrkjd kï th b;d my;a kskaÈ; C%shdud¾.hla' Tyq wmrdOlrefjla fkdfjhs’z lsh,d'

bÈß m<d;a md,k ue;sjrKfha§ wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd" tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdkh ;=< isák foaYmd,k mla‍I 10l muK m‍%udKhla iy Bg mßndysrj isák foaYmd,k mla‍I lsysmhla iu. idlÉPd lr,d taldnoaO fmruqKla hgf;a ;r. jÈkak' úfYaIfhka wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd cúfm ysgmq kdhl" ck;d fiajl mla‍Ifha j;auka kdhl" fidaujxY wurisxy uy;d iu.;a fï iïnkaOfhka bÈßfha§ idlÉPd lr,d Tyqf.a mla‍Ih;a fï C%shdoduhg iïnkaOlr .kak

fuu udOH yuqjg cdksfm cd;sl ixúOdhl" md¾,sfïka;= uka;‍%S chka; iurùr iy m‍%pdrl f,alï fudfyduÙ uqiïñ,a hk uy;ajre o iyNd.S jQy'

wkqreoaO nKavdr rKjdrK
udOH f,alï
cd;sl ksoyia fmruqK