iïnkaOka b,a,k hdmfka
iïm%odhsl fou< rdcHh
we;a;la‌o@ fndrejla‌o@

B<u ms<sn|j W;=f¾ isyskh i|yd moku jefgkafka" W;=re m<d; iy kef.kysr m<d; iïm%odhsl fou< kscNQñ hk ixl,amh fou< kdhlhka úiska m%ldY lsÍu;a iu.h' isxy, ck;dj úYajdi fkdlrk iy fou< ck;dj úYajdi lrk fuu m%jdoh thska f,a ú,la‌ njg rg m;aj ;sìKs' ixys¢hdfõ kdufhka fyda ;%ia‌;jdoh úkdY l< muKska B<dï isyskh fnd| fkdù /£ mj;skafka fuu ixl,am .;ùu ksidh'

úmla‍I kdhl iy fou< cd;sl ikaOdkfha kdhlhd jk wd¾' iïnkaOka uy;d úiska miq.sh zzÈjhsk bßod ix.%yhzzg m%ldY lrk ,oafoa ;uka b,a,d isákafka ft;sydislj mejef;k fou< ksc N+ñh njh' fï i|yd jk m%;sW;a;r ne£ï lsysmhla‌ ,eî we;s neúka fuu ud;Dldj i|yd ixjdohla‌ weröug bv fjka lsÍug ;SrKh lf<uq'

miq.sh fmnrjdß 14 Èk bßod Èjhsk mqj;amf;a úmla‍I kdhl wd¾' iïnkaOka uy;d úiska fou< rdcHhla‌ .ek woyia‌ ola‌jd ;sìKs' tu lreKq ft;sydisl uQ,dY% weiqßka f.dvkexjqK f;dr;=re fkdj B<dï idys;Hh wh;a uE; ld,fha m%nkaO l< tajd fj;s' mqrdK hdmkh ^Ancient Jaffna& kue;s lD;sh 1919 § iïmdokh l< rdikd.hï uqo,s úiska m%ldY lrkafka hd,amdkï jhsmjudf,hs" mrrdcfialrka Wf,hs" jhshd mvd,a" lhs,H udf,hs jeks fmd;aj, we;s Wla‌; l;d .eyekqka ;u orejkag kskao hk;=re lshk ,o l;d njh' fuu l;d Wmfhda.S lrf.k fmardfoKsfha b;sydi l:sldpd¾h fla' bkao%md,ka úiska ,kavka úYajúoHd,hg 1967 § bÈßm;a l< wdpd¾h Wmdêh i|yd jk ksnkaOkh jQ Early Tamil Settlements in Jaffna lD;sh i|yd mS' tÉ' ã' ^wdpd¾h& Wmdêh ,enqKs'

tys lshEfjkafka 1215 ld,sx. ud> wdl%uKfha mgka hdmfka fjku fou< rdcHhla‌ we;sjQ njh' fca' wd¾' chj¾Ok ysgmq ckdêm;sjrhd úY%du iqjfhka miqjk 1996 § lSfõ uydpd¾h fla' tï' o is,ajd úiska ;udg úia‌;r l< mßÈ W;=r - kef.kysr fjku fou< rdcHhla‌ ;snQ ksid 1987 bkaÿ - ,xld .súiqfuka tu N+ñh fou< kscìu f,i ms<sf.k w;aika l< njh' oeka iïnkaOka uy;d o tu fla' tï' o is,ajdf.a b;sydih fmd; n,k f,i wmg lshhs' tys we;af;a bkao%md,kaf.a mS' tÉ' ã' ksnkaOkfha we;s l;kaor b;sydihhs'

1' W;=f¾ fou< rdcHhla‌ mej;=Ks kï fpda, foaYfha ^;ñ,akdvqfõ& nÿ f.dvke.s,s yd ud,s.d kgnqka" foajd, yd fldaú,a" .,a lKq" fi,a,sms" uQ¾;s yd leghï wd§ mqrdjia‌;= o idys;H lD;s o ;sìh hq;=h' tn÷ lsisjla‌ hdmfka ke;' uka;%S ud,s.h imqu,a l=uref.ah' k,a¨¾ fldaú, bÈlr jQfha yhjeks merl=ïnd rcqh'

2' cemakd lsxvï hkq mD;=.SiSkag isÿjQ je/oaola‌ muKs' ,xldfõ is;shula‌ ke;s ksid yd rfÜ wNHka;rfha úYd,;ajh fyda ;;a;ajh fkdo;a ksid ,xldj úYd, wêrdcHhla‌ f,i mrx.Syq ie,l+y' tïmr¾ T*a fldaÜ‌fÜ" lsx T*a iS;djl" lsx T*a rhs.u" lsx T*a .ïm," lsx T*a ce*akd wd§ kï Ndú;d lf<a tu lsx,df.a lsxvïia‌ o i|yka lrñks' bx.%SiSka f.kjq;a mÈxÑ lrjQ fou< l;dlrkakka ^fou< yd uqia‌,sï& n,dlshd .ekSu Tjqkaf.a hq;=lula‌ úh' b;sydih ,sjQ bx.%SiSyq iS;djl" rhs.u" .ïm, y,d oud ce*akd lsxvï yd lsx T*a ce*akd muKla‌ b;sß l<y' *ekaisia‌flda ks.frda msh;=ud úiska iïmdokh lrk ,ÿj la‌fõfrdaia‌ msh;=ud úiska m%isoaO l< Temporal and Spiritual Conquest of Ceylon lD;sfha lshfjkafka lsxvï 14 la‌ ;snQ njh' ta Tjqkaf.a oekqfï m%udKhhs'

3' hdmkh md,kh lf<a ce*akdmgï ys isá uqo,s úisks' hdmkh jk ,eyeí iys; le,Ejla‌ ñi rdcOdkshla‌ fkdfõ' W;=f¾ jeÈwdrÉÑ ^jvurÉÑ& kef.kysr mia‌fy,md,s ^mÉp,smamf,hs&" ol=fKys f;ka wdrÉÑ ^f;kaurÉÑ& yd ngysr je,s.u ^hdmkh& hk wdrÉÑ jiï y;r fjr< wdikakfha ;snQ l=vd ckdjdi y;rhs' uqo,s hkq ,uqo,a, hk w¾:hhs' hdmdmgqfka f¾.= nÿ yd jrdh nÿ uqo,a wh l< ksid Tyq uqo,s f,i ye¢ka jqK nj la‌fõfrdaia‌ .%ka:h mjihs' udf;dgo uqo,sjrfhla‌ úh'

4' 1619 § ikals,sf.ka mD;=.SiSka hdmkh w,a,d.;a úg .súiqula‌ w;aika lrk ,§' th isxy, yd mD;=.Sis foniska ielisK' ixls,sf.a ìij fn!oaO ldka;djls' Tyqf.a weue;sjre oifokdu isxy,h' w.ue;s wdkkao wurfldakah' ^la‌fõfrdaia‌ .%ka:h&

5' hdmkh md,kh l< mD;=.Sis lemagkag jeä meñKs,s .Kkla‌ ,enqfKa mrx.s fin¿ka úiska Nsla‍IQkag yd úydria‌:dkj,g wf.!rj yd ydks lrk njgh' fï fn!oaOhkaf.a meñKs,sh' ^,sia‌nka fl!;=ld.dr f,aLk&

6' hdmkh uqia‌,sï fjf<| k.rhla‌ nj la‌afõfrdaia‌ mjihs' isxy, yd ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq fjf<÷kao Tjqkag fiajd imhkakjqkao u,nd¾ ^fou<& ëjrhkaao" ;ekska ;ek jQ ckdjdij, úiQy' ^la‌fõfrdaia‌& f.dú;eka .ek i|yka ke;' isxy,hka yereKq úg b;sß ck.ykh jQfha bvï wysñ l,ska l,g tk ixl%uKslhkah' ^la‌fõfrdaia‌& 

7' w,suxläka ol=fKys isxy, rcqf.a ks,OdÍyq md,kh l<y' W;=rg f.k.sh NdKa‌vj,g nÿ whlsÍu w,suxlv§ isÿúh' hdmdmgqkska tk ol=Kq bka§h wdl%uKj,g uqyqK§ mrdch lsÍug ls,sfkdÉÑ wi, rKuvqj jej ^brKuvq& wdY%s; tu hqo ckmoh wkqrdOmqr hq.fhys isg mej;=Ks' jvd;a W;=f¾ msysá isxy,hdf.a úYd, jej yd úYd, ckmoh th úh' ^la‌fõfrdaia‌&

8' ´,kao md,kh hgf;a hdmkfha§ fjf<| fnda.hla‌ jk ÿïfld< j.dj wrUk ,§' uq,§ fï i|yd bvï noaog ,nd.;a w;r jeäu nÿ uqo, jQ ßla‌ia‌ fvd,¾ 4000 f.jk ,oafoa r;akisxy kï whl=gh' ^fya.a fl!;=ld.dr ,sms f,aLk& miqj j.dlrejkag bvïj, wLKa‌v whs;sh ,nd§u i|yd 1707 § ,f;aij,fuhs, kS;sh we;sflßKs'

9' ´,kao md,k iufha kef.kysr m<d; mQ¾K isxy, m<d;ls' II rdcisxy úiska ;%sl=Kdu,fha ;%sfldaK fldgqj ^.f,a fldgqj& n¢k ,§' fï wi, fldÜ‌áhdrhg f.dvneis frdnÜ‌ fkdla‌ia‌ mshmq;=ka le|jdf.k .sfha uykqjr rcq fj;gh'

10' 1761 hdmfka ola‌jk ´,kao is;shfuys pdjdlÉfÉßh wi, ^f;ka wdrÉÑ ckdjdifha& l=vd jeõ 21 la‌ ola‌jd we;' fï ;ks isxy, ckmohls' tfukau ;u foaYiSudj jQ w,suxlv wi, ´,kao n,fldgqj is;shfuys oela‌fõ' bka ol=K rcqf.a md,khhs'

11' uykqjrg úreoaOj ´,kaohka l< wdl%uK wid¾:lùu ksid cdka ula‌ld¾ ´,kao ks,Odßhd lf<a fou< wh ,jd jerÈ b;sydihla‌ ,shùuh' b,a,Su ms<s.;a uhs,ajd;kï mq,j¾ úiska hd,amdkï jhsmj udf,hs ,shd ;E.sfnda. yd uqo,s ;k;=rla‌o ´,kaohkaf.ka ,nd.kS' 18 ishjfia hdmkjdiSka oek isá lreKq úch l=uref.a mgka ola‌jkakg f.dia‌ mq,j¾ ;u lD;sh uyd megÆï cd,hla‌ lrf.k we;' iïnkaOka uy;d we;=¿ B<dïjd§ka Bg ,fou< uyjxYh, hkqfjka lsh;s' tys tk iEu lreKla‌u f.d;k ,o jHdc tajd nj Tmamq l< yel'

12' W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, ^Bkshd fou< kscìfï& uqyqÿnv È.g .õjla‌ m<, we;s ìïmáhla‌ 1766 § yÕ=rkafl; .súiqu u.ska ´,kaohka úiska ,nd.;af;a uykqjr lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rcqf.ks'

13' n%s;dkH fmrÈ. fjf<| iud.u 1796 § ´,kaohka i;= uqyqÿnv m%foaY ,nd .ekSfï§ hdmkh y÷kajkafka hdmfka Èidjksh ^Jaffna Disawani& hkqfjks' ´,kaohka mD;=.SiSkaf.ka ,nd.kafkao hdmfka Èidjkshhs' fï isxy, rcqf.a zzÈidjzz kue;s hdmkh Èidjksh nj meyeÈ,sh'

14' 1818 we;sjQ fj,a,ia‌i ksoyia‌ wr.,h hdmkhg;a uq¿ ,xldjg;a ;SrKd;aul úh' ;ukg wúYajdiS jQ Wvrg ro, m%NQjreka iïmQ¾Kfhka jdIamlr Tjqka ;k;=rej,ska bj;a lsÍu n%jqkaß.a wdKa‌vqldr ;ek úiska lrk ,§" bÈßhg mßmd,khg iyNd.s lr.kakd wÆ;a mx;sh W;=f¾ fou< l;dlrk wh w;=ßka ìyslr .ekSug ^Elite class& wefußlka p¾É ñIkdßkaj bx.%Sis b.ekaùug hdmkhg hEùh' wkd.;fha§ ,xldfõ md,l uOHu mka;sh W;=f¾ fou< W.;=kaf.ka we;s lsÍfï tu l%shdj,sh wo B<dï igk hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' 1818 wr.,h ksid isxy,hkaf.ka m<s.ekSfï l%shdj,sh tod isg wo ola‌jd l%shd;aulh'

15' 1640 la‌fõfrdaia‌ i|yka l< hdmfka le,Ej 1830 ck' 25 Èk;a tfiauh' hdmfka lf,la‌g¾ ^Èidm;s& flda,anDDla‌g fuÈk th mejiSh' ia‌:sr ck.ykhla‌ ke;s rcfha fyda mqoa.,sl bvï ke;s f.dú;eka ke;s le,Efjka jeiqKq jdßud¾. l%u ke;s hdmk w¾Ooaùmhla‌ .ek lf,la‌g idla‍Is § we;' tksid flda,anDDla‌ fhdackd lf<a hdmkh fou< l;d lrkakkaf.ka ckdjdi lsÍu .ekh' mdrj,a iE§ug ol=Kq bkaÈhdfjka f.kd fou< l;dlrk wh ;u 15 wjqreÿ fldka;%d;a;=j wjika jQ miq Tjqkaf.a rgg fkdhjd hdmfka mÈxÑlrjd bvï ysñlu ,nd§ f.dú WmlrK" i;=ka yd f.dú;eka lsÍfï oekqu ,nd§u ks¾foaY lf<ah'

bvï whs;sh iodld,slj ia‌:srlr §ug f;aij,fuhs iïm%odh furg kS;s moaO;sj,g we;=<;a lf<a fldñifï fojeks flduidßia‌ leurkah' isxy,hdf.a ysia‌ uqÿkg fufia weKh .id bka fkdkej;S ,xldj m<d;a 5 g fn§h' 1833 § bka fnÿKq W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;a wjqreÿ 3000 la‌ merKs fou< kscìu úh' mqÿuh kï chj¾Ok ckdêm;s th ms<sf.k 1987 cq,s 29 .súiqug w;aika lsÍuh' ckdêm;sjrhl=g rg .ek oekqula‌ ;sìh hq;= nj ñka fmfka' ,xldfõ uqia‌,suqka fou< l;dlrkafka Tjqka mdf¾ jevg wd wh ksid nj;a Tjqkao mdf¾ NdIdj  l;dlsÍug mgka.;a nj;a lemagka ia‌khsv¾ mjihs'

16' W;=f¾ ìysjk kj W.;a uOHu mka;shg foaYmd,k n,;,o ,ndÈh hq;= nj flda,anDDla‌ Èà' tneúka wdishdfõ m%:u jrg ,xldfõ jHjia‌:dodhl iNdjla‌ we;slsÍug fhdackd lf<ah' 96] jQ isxy,hkag yd 3] jQ fou< l;dlrk whg foaYmd,k iu ;;a;ajh ,nd§u bka woyia‌ lf<ah' bx.%Sis W.;=ka fou< ksid mßmd,kfha my< uÜ‌gfï fou< whg wdksjd¾hfhka ysñ úh'

17' 1880 § muK bx.%Sis W.;a isxy, uOHu mka;shla‌ ìysjk úg fou< wh foaYmd,kfha yd mßmd,kfha jecUqKs' 1874 mS' wreKdp,ï flaïn%s) tï' ta' iu¾:ù ,xldjg wd úg fld<U jrdh ceáfha isg Tyqf.a ksjig ßla‌fIdaj weof.k .sfha isxy, m%NQjrekah' bx.%Sis Wmdh id¾:lj ;sìKs'

18' 1914 § W.;a ,dxlslhkag ;u Pkaofhka uka;%Sjrhl= m;alr .ekSug uel,ï m%;sixia‌lrK bvÿka úg isxy, m%NQyq ;u fodia‌;r udlia‌ m%kdkaÿ mrojd mS' rdukdokaj ch.%yKh lrjQy'

19' fou< kdhl;ajh ms<s.ekSu fya;=fjka isxy," fou<" uqis,au yeu fokdu mS' wreKdp,ï úiska kdhl;ajh imhñka 1918 § ,xld cd;sl ix.uh msysgqjd iNdm;so úh'

20' wkfmala‍Is; isÿùula‌ ksid 1920 ueksx m%;sixia‌lrK j,ska fou< foaYmd,k m%uqL;ajh ì|jegqKs' W.;a ,dxlslhkaf.a Pkaofhka uka;%Ska 16 la‌ jHjia‌:dodhlhg m;alr .ekSug bv ÿka úg isxy, 13 la‌ yd fou< 03 la‌ f;areKs' túg rdukdoka yd wreKdp,ï ifydaorjre ,xld cd;sl ix.ufhka bj;a ù fou< uyck iNdj werUQy'

21' 1931 isg fvdkfuda¾ wdKa‌vql%uh hg;g i¾jck Pkao n,h ksid fou< foaYmd,k n,h ;j;a msßyS .sfhah' kuq;a fou< mßmd,k n,h tfiau úh' 1931 § i¾j isxy, leìkÜ‌ uKa‌v,hla‌ o ìysjqKs' oeka fou< b,a,Su jQfha ,xldfõ md,k n,h fkdj mkyg mkfya isxy, - fou< iu;eka n,hhs'

22' fida,anÍ fldñiu u.ska ,xldjg md¾,sfïka;= wdKa‌vqjla‌ ks¾foaY lrk ,§' túg 1946 cqksj,§ wdKa‌vqldr fïika uqj¾ úiska isxy, uy iNdj" fou< fldx.%ih yd uqia‌,sï ,S.h le|jd úuiqfõ ,md¾,sfïka;= wdKa‌vqjla‌ §ug m%cd;ka;%jd§ foaYmd,k mla‍I flda, hkqfjks' fuu isxy," fou< yd uqia‌,sï ixúOdk ;=k tl;= ùfuka jqjo mla‍Ihla‌ iEÈh yels njg wdKa‌vqldrhd fmdä ,whsähdjla‌, ÿKs' th ms<s.;a isxy, uy iNdj" ,xld fou< fldx.%ih yd uqia‌,sï ,S.h tl;=ù ;=kaf.d,a,g 1$3 ¤ 1$3 ¤ 2$3 n, jHqyhla‌ we;s jwfndaOh msg 1946'09'06 Èk ixúOdk ;=k tl;=lr hqkhsgâ keIk,a mdá f,i bx.%SiSkaf.a jqukjdg mla‍Ihla‌ iE¥y'

23' fou< uqia‌,sï ^1$3 ¤ 1$3 ¤ 2$3& n,h ksid fida,anß jHjia‌:dfõ 29 j.ka;sh u.ska ,xldj .ek isxy,hdg we;s whs;sh jl% f,i ke;slr oeñK' fou< yd uqia‌,sï whg ke;s whs;shla‌ isxy,hdg ke;s nj bka lshjqKs'

24' fuu isxy," fou<" uqia‌,sï iu whs;sh iy;sl ùug ixfla;hla‌ f,i 1951 § cd;sl isxy, fldäh ;=<g uqia‌,sï yd fou< j¾.hd o we;=<;a flßKs'

25' 1956 § nKa‌vdrkdhl úiska Sinhalese shall be the one official language in Ceylon f,i isxy, tla‌ rdcH NdIdjla‌ muKla‌ lrk ,§'

26' 1972 § ue;skshf.a wdKa‌vqj úiska rfÜ ku Y%S ,xld f,i fjkia‌ lr cd;sh Y%S ,dxlsl f,i fjkia‌ l<dh' oeka 1$3 ¤ 1$3 ¤ 1$3 } 3$3 túg ia‌:srh isxy,hd ;jÿrg;a cd;sh fkdj ck j¾.hls' Y%S ,dxlsl cd;sh ;=< Tyq 1$3 l ck j¾.hla‌ jkafkah' tod 1833 § 96] yd 3] msßia‌j,g jHjia‌:dodhlfha iudk ksfhdackh ,eîug th iudkh' tfukau ,xldj 19 ishjfia hqfrdamshka úiska YsIagdpdr l< rgla‌ fkdfõ'

27' ish,a, ieliqK úg 1976 jvqla‌fldfâ iïfï,kfha isg B<dï igk we/UqKs' foaYmd,k fmruqK" ikakoaO fmruqK yd cd;Hka;r fmruqK ^vhia‌ fmdardj& f,i fmruqKq 3 la‌ igk i|yd úh'

28' 1978 jHjia‌:dfjka nyqcd;sl fldäh jHjia‌:d .; lrk ,§' Y%S ,dxlsl cd;shla‌ ñi isxy, cd;sh fyda isxy, fldäh l;dl< úg ovhug ,la‌fõ'

29' 1987 cq,s 29 Èk t,a' à' à' B' ixúOdkhg ;%ia‌;jdofhka neyer ù foaYmd,khg wj;S¾K ùu i|yd m<d;a iNd úi÷u ,nd ÿKs' bkaÿ - ,xld .súiqu u.ska ckdêm;s yd rch úiska iïnkaOka uy;d mjik fndrej jk W;=re - kef.kysr fou< kscìu ms<sf.k w;aika flßKs' 2009 uehs ui LTTE mrdch jQ miq oeka foaYmd,k fmruqK l%shd;aulh' Bg w¾O ia‌jdëk md,k l%uhla‌ W;=f¾ ,nd§ we;' oeka igk ù we;af;a rfÜ n,h W;=rg yd kef.kysrg fnod .ekSugh'

1818 isg 1948 ola‌jd bx.%SiSka bgql< fldgi 1948 isg fï ola‌jd jvd;a fyd¢ka bgqlsÍug miq.sh 68 jir ;=< furg n,hg m;ajQ t'cd'm' iy Y%S,ksm rchka úiska j.n,df.k we;' 1948 § ksoyi ,enqfKa rgg yd cd;shg .e<fmk wkaoñka rg fjkia‌ lr .ekSug nj fï w|nd,fhda fkdoks;s'

wdpd¾h iQßh .=Kfialr
-osjhsk

fmr mqj;a''
wm b,a,kafka bx.%SiSka isxy,hkag ndrÿka fou< rdcHhhs - úmla‍I kdhl iïnkaOka