jir foodyl fn!oaO kgUqka
kid ,shEfjk kef.kysr
wuq;= b;sydi l;dj''

fidfydk uqia‌,sï wd.ñl kdhlhl=f.Æ'''
wjqreÿ foiShla‌ mrKhsÆ''
fidfydkla‌ ;shkj. lshkafk j;=iqÿ u,a.ia‌ folla‌ ksidÆ'''

jÜ‌guvq m%foaYfha jir foiShla‌ merKs uqia‌,sï cd;slfhla‌f.a fidfydka ;sfnkjd' t;k wfma .,a lKq;a ;sfnkjd' oeka t;k m,a,shl=;a yo,d wÆ;a .ïudkhla‌ yokak hkjd'~~ wfhla‌ ug lSfõh' wikakg ,enqKq f;dr;=re l=yq, okjk iq¿h' uu ud m%sh ñ;=re iuka iu. ta fidfydk fidhd .sfhñ'

wla‌lrm;a;=j k.rhg msúis wms id.u fmd;=ú,a ud¾.fha bÈßhg .sfhuq' fvdai¾ lr ìug iu;,d lrk ,o fudÜ‌ghdf.d, bmerKs mqo ìuo miq úh' fomi fl;aj;=h' m%Odk ud¾.fhka jkfm; foig hkúg id.u jej yuqfõ' jdykhlg ;nd mdmeÈhlgj;a hdug wmyiq fuu ud¾.fha .uk w;sYh ÿIalr úks'

zzfï ;sfhkafka fu;k od.enla‌' wr fmak ;ek;a od.enla‌" wr ;sfhkafka .,a lKq' wkak wr yßfha ljodj;a ysf`okafka ke;s l`M Èh fmdl=Kla‌ ;sfnkjd'zz iuka wjg jQ kgnqka f.dve,s fmkajñka h;=remeÈh mefoõfõh' fomi md¿h' ;j;a ÿr hkúg yuqjkafka lf,l l=Uqre j.d lr w;a yßk ,o bvïh' ;eka ;ekaj, fmr Èkfha w,ska oeuq w,s jiqreh'

zzyekaoEfjklï ysáfhd;a w,s tkjd' iuyr fj,dfõ oj,ag;a w,s tkjd'zz iuka h<s;a y`v wjÈ lf<ah' ,`ÿ le,Ejka iy l`ÿ jeá w;ßka y;r w;g je,s mdrj,a fmfka' wm uyd ud¾.fha isg ñksia‌ mq`Mgla‌ ke;s w;=u. Èf.a lsf,da óg¾ y; wgla‌ muK meñK ;sìKs' wm fidhd hkafka jir foiShla‌ merKs Y%S ,dxlsl uqia‌,sïjrhl=f.a fidfydkls' tu ye`.Su wm ;=<;a hï l=;=y,hla‌ okjhs' fï wm iu. ishjia‌ ld,hla‌ tlg Ôú;h fnod.;a ñksiqkaf.a idOlkï th fldmuK wisßhla‌ o@'

wjidkfha jir foiShla‌ merKs hEhs lshk fidfydk yuq úh' th ;srela‌fldaú,a m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜ‌Gdifha wdrÉÑlÜ‌gqj m%foaYfha msysgd ;snqKs' fomi bmerKs .,a lKq folls' th hdfldg isfuka;s .fvd,ska n`Èk ,o fidfydka .en hEhs lshk ia‌:dkhg by<ska fld< meye;s frÈ yd fldä je,a weo ;sìKs' bÈlsÍu y;r w; ksù.sh y`ÿkal=re fldgia‌ ;snqKs' fidfydka fld; hEhs lshkd bÈlsÍfï isfuka;s j,ska jg l< fldgfia tla‌ mfil j;= iqoao m÷re lsysmhla‌ úh' wä 10la‌ 12la‌ Wig jkakg ieliq ia‌udrlhla‌o mfilska ;sìKs' ;yvq .id ,E,sj,ska uE;lÈ lrk ,o m,a,shla‌o tu N+ñfha jQfhah'

ish,a, meyeÈ,sh' fï mj;skafka wkqrdOmqr hq.h f;la‌ Èfjk mqrdK wdrdñl kgnqkaj,ska W.=,ajd.;a .,a lKq h' fï fn!oaO wdrdñl kgnqka W.=Æjd ta wdY%fhka bÈfjñka we;s uqia‌,sï m,a,sh fndfyda wiqn M, wkd.;hg f.k tkq we;ehs isf;a' fï rfÜ meje;au iy;sl jkafka tlsfkld tlsfkldf.a ixia‌lD;shg tys yrhkag .re lsÍfuka muKs' tfy;a fï uqia‌,sï ifydaorjre uyd jHikhla‌ wfmala‌Idfjka wYa,S, m%fõYhlg t<U isá;s' l+r.,g isÿjQfha;a fuhuh' fï mqxÑ ú{dkhla‌ iys; mßK; fkdjQ ñksiqka kef.kysr fndÿ Wreuh úkdY lsÍug;a tu Wreu ixfla; uqia‌,sïlrKh lrf.k w¾: ola‌jkakg;a l< W;aidyfha uq,au wjia‌:dj fuh fkdfõ' mj;sk rch fujeks ixia‌lD;sl jHikhka keje;aùug ffk;sl moku Yla‌;su;a fkdlrkafkakï" mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j fï jHikhg Ydia‌;%Shj ueÈy;a ù fï ìu i`oyd w¾:l:khla‌ fkdfokafkakï th wjika úh yels f€ojdplfha ;ru wmg oeka jegfykafkah'

fu;ek we;af;a uqia‌,sï cd;sl Y=oaOjrhl=f.a fidfydkla‌ kï th mqrdúoHd;aulj isÿl< hq;= jákd fidhd.ekSuls' wjg mqoa.,hka mjikafka uqia‌,sï wd.ñl kdhlfhla‌ f,i y`ÿkajk ndjd kue;s mQcljrhdf.a fidfydk fuh njh' tfy;a wmg fmfkkafka wvqu ;rñka jir oyila‌ merKs wdrdñl kgnqka ú;eka ùula‌h'

fuu ia‌:dkhg óg¾ fo;=ka ishhlg tmsáka jk jÿf,ka jgj .,a ;,djl fmd;dk bmerKs mqoìu we;af;ah' tu l`ÿ m¾j;h u; idyislhka úiska úkdY lrk ,o bmerKs od.dÍ f.dve,a,la‌h' jk fm;g lsf,da ógr lsysmhla‌ Tífnka we;af;a udkaf;dÜ‌gu m%foaYhh' tla‌ mfil tod fldákaf.a mrd§ihla‌jQ lxÑl=äwdre jkfm;h' fmfkk udkfha ;eka ;ekaj, .,alKq iy msh.eg fm<j, i,l=Kqh' w;S; fn!oaO Wreufha idOl úkd jir foiShlg tmsg ñh .sh uqi,audkq YqoaOjrfhl=f.a fidfydkla‌ ms<sn`o idOkSh f;dr;=re wmg fmfkkafka ke;'

wm tk w;ru. id.u m%foaYfha§ yuqjQ wla‌lrm;a;=j mÈxÑ tï' tÉ' tï' fudfyduâ fï ia‌:dkh .ek lS l;dj isysfõ'

zzuu l=vd ld,fha T;kg .sys,a,d ;sfhkjd' t;k fidfydka .enla‌ ;sì,d ;sfhkjd' ta fidfydka .en ;sfnkafka m,a,shg whs;s N+ñfha' t;k mQcl flfkla‌ b`o,d ;sfhkjd' thdf.a fidfydk ;uhs ta'zz fudfyduâf.a l;dj l=yq, oekùh'

fuu ia‌udrl iys; m%foaYhg uola‌ Tífnka l+Uqrl iS idñka isá oñ< jeishka lsysm fofkl= wmg f;dr;=re lshkakg bÈßm;a jQy'

uq,skau l;d lf<a wla‌lrm;a;=j mÈxÑ bf,a;ïì rdfþkao%kah'

zzTh bvfï ysñlre jkafka kdjq¾;ïì ´vd¾ lshk mqoa.,hd' thdf.a bvfuka fldgila‌ ;uhs thd m,a,sh .ykak bvÈ,d ;sfhkafka' wla‌lrm;a;=j fjf<dao ix.ufhka ;uhs T;k m,a,sh yokafka' T;k ueßÉp mQcl flfkla‌f.a wjqreÿ 200 la‌ merKs iudêhla‌ lsh,hs thd,d lshkafka' t;k j;= iqoao u,a .ia‌ j.hla‌ ;sfhkjd' tajdfha u,a msfmkjd' tal ksid thd,d ysf;kjd tf;k fidfydkla‌ ;sfhkjd lsh,d' ndjd kñka y`ÿkajk uqia‌,sï mQclfhla‌f.a lsh,hs thd,d lshkafka' jir 04la‌ b`oka ;uhs t;k fidfydkla‌ yo,d ;sfhkafka' ta wh úáka úg weú;a mQcd mj;aj,d hkjd' jir 10l myf,djl ld,fha isg t;k .,a lKq jeá,d ;sínd' fï wh tal fl<ska lr,d bkao,d ;sfhkjd' wms ysf;kafka ta .,a lKq fu;k ;sfhk fmd;dk yßfha mrK mkaif,a lsh,hs'zz

wk;=rej wmg l;d lf<a wd,häfjïnq tka'r>Qm;sh'

zzisl=rdog fu;k ;sfhk m,a,sfha cQcdjka ;sfhkjd' tf;kg lsf,da óg¾ 07la‌ 08la‌ ÿr b`oka lÜ‌áh tkjd' uqia‌,sï .ïudkhla‌ t;k l,ska ;sífí keye' t;k le,Ej ;sífí' fï wh tjd t<s lr,d ;sfhkjd' uu wjqreÿ 10 b`oka ;uhs fuys wdfõ' kuq;a bia‌ir fu;k uqia‌,sï .ïudkhla‌ ;sífí keye' fï bvï j.d lrkak .;af;a mkak,a.u jej yeÿjg mia‌fia'zz hkqfjka r>Qm;s lSfõh'

wla‌lrm;a;=j isxy, ixúOdkfha f,alï tÉ' iuka lsfõ fujeks l:djls'

zzuu jir 45la‌ ;sia‌fia Ôj;a jqfKa wla‌lrm;a;=fõ' Th iqidk N+ñhla‌ lshk ia‌:dkh jk ixrla‌IK fomd¾;fïka;=fjka jk j.djg fjka l< tlla‌' wms ;srela‌fldaú,a m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,fhka fuu m%foaYfha bvï mss<sn`o fidhd neÆjd' tajdg ksis n,m;% Tmamq keye' ;sfhkafka fmdfgda fldms fld<' fuu m%foaYfha wäfhka wäh ;sfhkafka fn!oaO Wreuh' tajd Èfkka Èk úkdY lrkjd' uyd ? neflda hka;% l`ÿ j,g mjd kxj,d bmerKs od.eí j, ydr,d ;sfhkjd' uu fujeks ia‌:dkhka fidhd f.k mqrd úoHd ks,OdÍka mjd /f.k f.dia‌ fmkak,d ;sfhkjd' fldá ;%ia‌;jd§ka isák iufha fï wdldrfhka mqrd jia‌;= j,g ydks jqfKa keye' ;õmsla‌ cudâ ixúOdkfha ;uhs t;k w`M;ska m,a,sh yokak lghq;= lrkafka' fudÜ‌ghd., od.en uq`Mukskau ìug iu;,d l<d' ;srela‌fldaú,a od.en fom`M l<d' tal yokjd lsh,d ,la‌I 10la‌ fjka l<;a ta jev;a w;r u. k;r fj,d' Èfkka Èku fï wdldrfhka wïmdr Èia‌;%sla‌lfha mqrd jia‌;= úkdY lrñka kj b;sydihla‌ ìys lrkakg hkjd' lreKdlr,d fï .ek wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' fï isoaO fjkafk fï rfÜ idudkH uqia‌,sï ifydaorhkag wjYH foa fkdjk j. wm lshkak ´ks'zz

È.du`vq,a, fn!oaO Wreuhka rlskakg uy;a fjfyila‌ .kakd wrka;,d c;Hka;r fn!oaO uOHia‌:dkdêm;s" wïmdr úoHdkkao mßfjKdêm;s Ydia‌;%m;s mQcH lsߢfj, fidaur;k kdysñfhda fï úmß;h ms<sn`o woyia‌ m< l< whqre isysfõ'

zzÈfkka Èku kef.kysr bmerKs fn!oaO Wreuh úkdY fjñka ;sfnkjd' wfma bmerKs od.eí fvdai¾ j,ska ìug iu;,d lrkjd' od.enla‌ fydhd .kak neß úÈyg ìug iu;,d lr,d odkjd' uykd. rdc iufha fi,a ,sms mjd ;sfnk w;S;fha reyqKg iïnkaOhEhs f;dr;=re /ila‌ wdkdjrKh jk fudÜ‌ghd., bmerKs mqoìfï od.en ìug iu;,d l<d" ;sßla‌fldaú,a od.en fvdairhla‌ od,d fomÆ l<d' mqrd úoHd tflka kej;;a ;snqKq ;;ajhg yokjd lsh,d mgka .;a;d' ta jev i;s fol ;=klska bjrhs' id.u úYd, od.enla‌ fï wdldrg ksOka ydrkak úkdY lr,d ;sínd' wms fïjdg úreoaOj È.ska È.gu y`v k.kjd' kuq;a fïjd /l .kak ksis jev ms<sfj,la‌ keye' jir foiShla‌ mrK uqia‌,sï cd;slhl= fidfydka .enla‌ T;k ;sfhkak kï 1816 § t;k uqia‌,sï ckjdihla‌ ;sfnkak ´k' ta ojia‌j, t;k ;sífí >k le,Ej' jir oyia‌ .Kklg fmr tu m%foaYh mqrdu ;sífí isxy, fn!oaO ckjdi'zz

zzTh m%foaYh we;=¿j kef.kysr m%foaYh mqrdu iEu ;eku .õfjka .õj úisÍ ;sfnkafka wfma fn!oaO Wreuh' fldÉpr úkdY l<;a wog;a tu m%foaYhg hk wfhl=g ;ju;a ta w;S; Wreuhka olskakg yelshs' fldÉpr .,a fndar .eiqj;a" l=`M f.ä myrj,a .eiqj;a ;ju;a ta w;S; Wreuh wfma jdikdjg fuka úkdY lrkak neß fj,d ;sfhkjd' l`M .f,ka Ôjudk nqÿrej ks¾udKh lf<a fn!oaO l,d lrejka" wfma bmerKs mqo ìula‌ wdikakfha ;sfnk .,a lKq Wmfhda.s fldg .ksñka jir 200 la‌ merKs uqia‌,sï cd;slfhl=f.a mqoìula‌ ;sfnk nj lshkjd' fï yeisÍu lk.dgqodhlh' fuu ia‌:dkfha .,a lKq msg;ska /f.kd wd tajdo@ tfia fkdue;s kï fuu .,a lKq tu ia‌:dkfha ;snqKq wfma Wreuhkao@ ienúkau fuu ia‌:dkfha jir 200la‌ mrK uqia‌,sï wd.ñl kdhlfhl=f.a u< isrerla‌ ;sfnkjdo@ tfia ;sfnkafka kï fldmuK ld,hla‌ mer” isrerla‌o lshd wms mqrd úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=fjka mÍla‌IKhla‌ wdrïN lrkak lsh,d wms b,a,d isákjd' wka;jdÈ fldgia‌ b;d iQla‌Iu wdldrfhka mqrd úoHd Wreuhka úkdY lrkak lghq;= lrkjd' fïjk úg ta ;;ajh Wmßu uÜ‌gñka isÿfjñka mj;skjd'zz fidaur;k ysñfhda lSy'

lsisÿ ft;sydisl idla‌Ishla‌ fkdue;sj u,a ;sfnk ksid uqia‌,sï wfhl=f.a iqidkhla‌ we;ehs lshkafka kï fmardfoKsh u,a j;a;;a fidfydka ìuls' u,a jeù we;af;a isfuka;s .fvd,ska ueÈ fldg we;s ia‌:dkfha fldgilh' th ne¨ ne,aug uE;l§ isgqjk ,oaola‌ nj fmfkkafkah' fj<`odug YQr uqia‌,sï cd;slhka ffY,uh ks¾udK iys; l,dlD;s l< njg ft;sydisl idla‌Is fkdfõ' jir foiShla‌ muK merKsnjg Tjqka fmkajk .,a lKqo jir ish oyia‌ .Kkl merKs ks¾udKhka nj fmfka' fï wdl%uKfha w,caÔ ia‌jrEmh f;areï .ekSu myiqh'

jeäjk uqia‌,sï ck.yKhg bvï fidhd .ekSu i`oyd Ndú; jk b;d m%d:ñl yd wixia‌lD;sl l%uh fuhh' uq,skau l=vd m,a,shls' wk;=rej ta wjg bÈjk .ïudkhls' ,sms f,aLk jHdch' fï wdldrfhka jHdc ,sms f,aLk imhñka fï jk úg;a wïmdf¾ ks;a; fy,.ïmqr iy iSks iud.u úiska f.dùkag fnod ÿka Wla‌ bvïo ckmo fjñka we;s whqre ldgj;a fmfkkafka ke;'

fï fkdÈhqKq ñksia‌iqkag rfÜ mj;ssk kS;s .ek lsis ;elSula‌ ke;' ;K N+ñhla‌ f,i jÜ‌g uvqfõ meje;s bvï Tjqyq wkjirfhka j.d l<y' j.d lghq;= ;ykï lrk ,oafoa nrm;< úfrdaO;d mek ke.s miqh' kuq;a óg Èk lsysmhlg by;§ fï msßia‌ wla‌lrm;a;=fõ§ udOH idlÉPdjla‌ meje;ajQy' Tjqka mjid isáfha ;uka bÈßfha§ n,fhka fyda tu bvï j, j.d lghq;= lrk njh'

fï ñksiqkag kvq ke;sjQfha flfia o@' uqia‌,sï weu;sjre ú,am;a;=j jki;s' Tjqkaj wdo¾Yfldg.;a msßia‌ rfÜ kS;sh W,a,x>Kh lrñka bvï w;am;a lr.ks;s' mqrdjia‌;= jki;s' wÆ;a b;sydihla‌ ks¾udKh lrkakg ;k;s' fï wixia‌lD;sl ixydrh YsIag iïmkak uqi,audkqfjla‌j;a bjikafka ke;' tfy;a wfma zzcd;Hka;rjd§ YsIag;ajhzz wmj kmqxilhka lr we;s whqre is;a mdrjhs'

-iqika; wurnkaÿ