ix>rdc mrmqr''
fn!oaO b.ekaùïj, wdl,amo fjkilg ,la lrk úydr.ï foajd,.ï kskao.ï mk;o wdrïN lf<a Tjqkah' úydr foajd, md,kh yd whs;sh iïnkaOfhka mqrdKfha mej;s iïm%odhka bka fjkia lf<ah' j¾;udkfha wm w;aolsk nqoaOd.u;a nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a b.ekaùï w;r;a we;af;a úYd, mr;rhls' nqÿ oyfï uq,a b.ekaùï nqoaO mßks¾jdKh iu.u hï úp,H;djhlg n÷kaùu ksid uyd ldYHm uy ry;ka jykafiaf.a u. fmkaùu hgf;a lsishï iïuq;shla ;=< bÈßhg mj;ajdf.k hkakg yels úh' jir 100la jeks flá ld,hla we;=<; fï iïuq;sh foord hñka Bg hï hï tl;=lsÍï yd ixfYdaOkhka bÈßm;a ùu ksid ia:súrjd§ka yd uyd hdkslhka jYfhka fn§ulg ,laúh' nqÿka jykafia msßksù jir 236lska me,¨ma kqjr§ h<s;a jrla ia:súrjd§ka uyd iuq¿jla wfYdal wêrdcHhdf.a Wjukdj u; isÿ ùfuka miq nqÿ oyu m<uq j;djg rdcH wkq.%yh ,oafoah' nqoaOd.u rdcHh wd.ula njg m;a lsÍug nqÿkajykafia lsisúfgl;a tl. fkdùh'
lms,jia;=fõj;a flda,shhkaf.a rdu.%du rdcHfhaj;a th rdcH wd.u jQfha ke;' nqÿka oji bkaÈhdfõ mej;s u.O" fldai," jiai" wjka;s" wx." ldis" jÊð u,a," fõo" l=re" mxpd," u;aiH" iqrfiak" wiajl" .dkaOdr" ldïfndac hk fidf<dia uyd ckmohkays th rdcH wd.u jQfha ke;' th rdcH wd.ula njg m;a lr.kakd ,oafoa fu!¾hh wêrdcHfha Wjukdjka Wfoidh' lvqfõ n,fhka f.dvke.+ fu!¾hh wêrdcH wdOHd;añl n,fhka weo ne| ;nd.ekSugh tfia lf<a' ta hqo fnrfha yvg ,xldfõ ;siai hg;aùfuka miq fu!¾hh wêrdcHfha WmdOHh kduh me<| .ekSu i|yd foajdkï msh;siai rcq njg fojk jr wd¾hh n%dyauk iïm%odfha rdcdNsfIal ux.,Hhla o meje;aùh'
nqÿ oyu m%dfhda.sl wd.ula njg fmr<d.kakd ,oafoa ,xldfõ muKs' wfYdal úiska ish wêrdcHh n,h fhdod tod meje;s YsIaGdpdr f,dalhg hjk ,o O¾u ¥; lKavdhï ish,a,f.ka j¾;udkh olajd fkdkeiS mj;skafka ,xldfõ muKs' tfy;a úYd, miq neiSï yd mßydkSka o iu.h' f,daflda;r oyula jQ nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a b.ekaùu f,!lsl wdh;khla jQ rdcH iu. flfia kï .e<fmao@ ,xld b;sydih mqrdjg fi!Nd.Hh mej;s ld,jljdkqfõ;a mßkdñl ld,fha;a ix>hdf.a WmfoaYd;aul jeo.;a ùu yer rdcHhg we;=¿ùula fyda fjkia ùula ke;' uq,§ uyd úydrh W;a;r úydrh yd fca;jk úydrh f,i mej;s uQ, úydr ;=k levS ì£ f.dia uQ, úydr wglg mßj¾;kh úh' mßydksh ta iu.u wvq úh' fmdf,dkakrej w;yeÍu;a iu. fï uQ, úydr wg iu. ix>dYdikho mßydksh lrd .uka lf<ah'
ix> Ydikh uq¿ukskau ì| jeàf.dia wjidkfha§ wjdy újdyhka iys; >kskakdkafia,d njg ix> Ydikh mßydksh lrd .uka lsÍug foam, f.dv.id .ekSuo wNHka;r úkh msßySuo tlfia n,mEfõh' iS;djl rdcOdks iufha rcq wßÜG lS fjkavqf.a WmfoaYl;ajfhka ix>hd iuQy jYfhka urKhg m;a lsÍfuka miq úYd, mßydkSh ld, mßÉfþohla ;=< ix> Ydikh fjkqjg >kskakdkafia,df.a l+Gm%dma;sh isÿúh' wirK irK msKavmd;sl je,súg irKxlr ix>rdc udysñhkaf.a oDV;r lemùu fkdjkakg h<s ix> Ydikhla ,xldfõ f.dvkef.kakg bv yir fkd,efnkq we;' je,súg irKxlr fyrKmdfKda nqÿ oyu bf.k .kakd ,oafoa ish .=rejr' .kskajykafiaf.ka fkdj f,õflard< kï isrlrefjl=f.ks' oyu okakd jQ ta u. .uka lrkakd jQ tlu NslaIqjlaj;a ta jk úg b;sß ù fkdisáfhah' kdhlal¾ jxYslhkag rdcH;ajh f.dÿre ù ;snQ hq.hl bka rdcH;ajh uqod .ekSug isxy, kdhlhka iu. mej;=k iïnkaO;djhla ksid rdc Woyig ,laj isr.; ùulg mjd Wkajykafiag isÿ úh'
buy;a lemùulska rdc wkq.%yh miqj ,ndf.k ishï rfgka ^j¾;udk ;dhs,ka;h& Wmiïmod l¾uh i|yd NslaIQka jykafia ,ndf.k h<s ix> Ydikh m%;sIaGdmkh i|yd lghq;= lf<a Wkajykafiah' wo ,xldfõ m%Odk ix> iïm%odh jkafka ishfuka jevujk ,o Wmd,s ysñhkaf.a Ydik iïm%odhhs' wms thg uyd úydr jxYsl YHdfudamd,S úydr mrïmrdj hhs kï ;nd we;' m%Odk uQ, úydr folls' wia.sß yd u,aj;= WNh úydr fol uq,a fldg .;a úYd, mkai,a iuQyhla Bg we;=<;ah' th uyd úydr mrïmrdjg whs;s jqjo th wúþÑkakj fkdmej;sfhah' th úYd, úp,H;djkg n÷kaj nqÿ mshdKka foiQ wud oyfï .eUqre mqreId¾:hkaf.ka ñ§ tfy;a j¾;udk Wreuh w;am;a fldg f.k isáhs'
nqÿ mshdKka ish ñ;% ìïìidr rcqf.a rdc wkq.%yh m%;slafIam fldg f,daflda;a;r b.ekaùula f,i f.dvke.+ ix> Ydik iïm%odhka j¾;udkfha bj;a ù we;' ñys÷ udysñhka rcqg WmfoaYd;aulj ueÈy;a fjñka nqoaO Ydikfha Ñria:s;sh i|yd o uyckhdf.a ys;iqj msKsio wOHd;añl .uka u. ksjerÈ lsÍu i|yd isÿl< Wmdhud¾.sl ueÈy;a ùu fjkqjg j¾;udk NslaIq kdhl;ajh rdcH;ajfha jerÈ .uka u`. Yla;su;a lrñka isáhs' Wkajykafia,d 1815 ud¾;= ui 02 jeks Èk isÿ l< ft;sydisl mdjd§u Yla;su;a lsÍug fcaïia io¾,kaÙ yd fvdhs,sf.a u. fmkaùu hgf;a ft;sydisl u.=,a uvqjg jvujk ,o fldínElvqj u,aj;= udysñhkaf.a u. wkq.ukh lrñka isáhs' th wirK irK irKxlr idÿ p¾hdj fkdfõ'
‘isxyf,a rdcHh yd úfYaIfhka iïnkaOj ,xldj ms<sn| ,sms’ kï lD;sfha tod Wvrg wdC%uKh l< bx.S%is yuqodfõ lms;dkajrhl= jQ we,a' o' nqIa fï ms<sn|j weiska ÿgq úia;rh fufia i|yka fldg we;' 1815 ud¾;= 02 od uykqjr ft;sydisl u.=,a uvqfõ isÿùï uyd úia;rh kï fYa%IaG wdrdufha jev isák fn!oaO uy kdhl f;rKqjka le|jdf.k tkq ,enQ ieáo wdKavqldr;=ukag uqK.iajkq ,enQ ieáo i|yka l< hq;=h' miajre kuhg muK wêldrïjreo" Èidm;sjreo uy kdhl f;reka neye oelSu i|yd uy úydrhg hEug;a t;=uka iNdjg jevu lrjd f.k taug;a wjir b,a¨y' @ oyhg muK fnr ^bkaÈhdfõ iajfoaYslhkaf.a fnr* fydrKE ldy, yd li yඬ u.ska fï is;a.kakd W;a;uhdf.a meñKSu m%ldYs; úh' Wv/qáhkaf.a woyia iïnkaOfhka Tyqf.a n,mEu wms fyd¢ka oek isáfhuq… uy kdhl f;reka jykafia iy t;=ukaf.a msßjr u.=,auvqfõ W;=re È.ska msysá w;Hd,xldr lKq úiaila u; ord isák úYd, w,skaohg meñKs úg fcdaka fvdhs,s yd fcañia io¾,kaÙ hk uy;=ka úiska ms<s.kakd ,È' fï fofokdu isú,a fiajlfhdah' uy kdhl f;reka jykafia fï uy;=ka fofokd úiska Yd,dfõ by< fl<jf¾ ;u fmdÿ yd fm!oa.,sl ld¾hh uKav,h yd tl, uykqjr isá hqo fik`.g wh;a ks,OdÍka iuQyhla úiska msßjrkq ,enQ fiakdêm;s n%jqkaß.a W;=udkka fj; le|jdf.k hk ,oy'
uy kdhl f;reKqfjda wjqreÿ ye;a;Ejla muK yd Wiska wä myudrla muK jQ mqreIfhls' tfy;a fnfyúka .s,kaj isá fyhska .uka lf<a wiSrefjks' fï ksid ;reK NslaIQka fokula úiska t;=ukag Wmldr lrhs' t;=ukaf.a msßjrg wh;a NslaIQkaf.a ixLHdj wkQjla muK úh' Yd,djg meñKs Tjqyq ueÈka úYd, bvla we;s jk fia fomig fn§ isáfhdah' Èidm;sjreo tla tla mig ù isá kuqÿ ì;a;shg b;d lsÜgqfjka isáhy' úhk ìu fYdaNk f,i leghï fldg ;snqKq lKq we;=¿ uq¿ Yd,dju iqÿ lmq ms<sfhka jid ^Wvqúhka ne| jg;sr weo mdjv oud* ;snqfKah' fï ish¨u lghq;= iïnkaOfhka isxyf,a rdcH yd wdpdr kS;sh wl=rgu ms<smÈk ,È' ish¨u NslaIQyq t,a,d jegqKq ud ye`.s ly fiao isjqre fmdrjd f.k isáhy' uy kdhl f;rKqjkaf.a isjqr ly meye;s ú,a¨o mss<sfhka ksujk ,oaols' Tjqyq ;uka bÈßfhys úðksm; ne.ska w,a,df.k isáfhdah' fï tla tla úðksmf;ys ta ta NslaIqjf.a ;;a;ajhg wkqj rkska ßÈfhka fyda ,shlï l< mg ms<sfhka ksu fldg ;snqKs' Tjqkaf.a ysia uqvq lrk ,oafoah' tfiau jeiSula fkdùh' yeu foku ;u kshu ;ekg meñKs úg wdKavqldr W;=udkka jykafia ta rfÜ isß;a pdß;% yd YsIaG Í;Sh wkqj lghq;= lrñka t;=ukaf.a YÍr ikSmh .ek úpdrd .uk fjfyilr fkdù hehs m;k nj lSh' ^fvdhs,s uy;d u.sks' Tyq th isxy,hg fmr<d fud,a,shf.dv uy wêldrïg;a Tyq isrer bÈßhg kud uyd kdysñhkag;a mejiqfhah'& udysñfhda hglS u.skau ta ldreKsl úuiSu .ek lD;{;dj m<fldg fiakdêm;s ;ekg ^n%jqkaß.ag& YqN wdYs¾jdo l<y' bka miq iNdfõ woyi t;=ukag okajk ,È'
.súiqfï nqoaOd.u mss<sn| fldgi t;=udf.a wjOdkhg úfYaIfhka fhduqlrk ,È' ish¨u NslaIQyq idjOdkj lka § isáhy' uy kdhl f;rkqfjda jDoaO NslaIQka lysmfokl= iu. uo fõ,djla my;a y`äka idlÉPqd lsÍfuka miq my; i|yka mßÈ ms<s;=re ÿkay' t;=ud ta yeu fokdu fjkqfjka oeka fmdfrdkaÿ jQ wdrdlaIdj .eko oekgu;a ,nd § we;s wdrlaIdj .eko wdKavqldr;=ukag ia;+;s lf<ah' <`.§ isÿ jQ fjki .ek ^rdcisxy rcq m,jd yeÍu& Tjqka i;=gq nj;a ;u wjxl iyfhda.h iïnkaOfhka tx.,ka;fha rcqg iy;sl l< yels nj;a mejiQy' fï fjkig m%Odk jYfhka ;=vq ÿkafka W;=udkka jykafiaf.a uDÿ idOdrK md,kh yd wirKhka yd ÿ.Ska flfrys t;=uka fmka jQ lreKdjka;luh…” ueÈhfï § udysñfhda neyerg hdug wjir b,a¨y' fï pdß;% úê fumuK fõ,djla blaujd hkf;la mej;s fyhska rd;%S fNdackh .ekSug wjia:djla fkdue;sj ksis wms b;d i;=áka t;=ukag iqn me;Suq' wm jdol lKavdhuo Tyqj fmrgqj úydrh lrd .uka l<fyd;a uekjhs t;=fuda b,a,d isáfhdah' ;=ka jk ,xld frðfïka;=fõ ^yeu fokdu ldmsßfhdah* ;+¾h jdol lKavdhu fï i|yd fhdojk ,Èka th meh .Kkla kj;ajd .kakd ,È' ^i¾ fcdaka fvdhs,s ,shQ isxyf,a wdKavqC%uh - weyef<afmd< tÉ' ví,sõ' fidaur;akf.a mßj¾;khls'&
tod iuia; uy úydrfha kdhl ysñhka j¾Kkd l< n%jqkaß.au 1818 § .ïmd¿ m%;sm;a;sh wkq.ukh lrñka .y fld< i;d isõmdjqka iyuq,skau úkdY lrñka úydr wdrdu .sksn;a lrñka ish¨ .súiqï wj,x.= lsÍug .;jQfha wjqreÿ ;=kla ;rï fláld,hls' tys rÕ Wv/áfhda fyd¢ka w;aúkaody' fud,a,shf.dv weyef<afmd< uqßis Èjhsfka msgqjy¨ka f,i urKhg <Õd jQfha fï hqfrdamSh cd;Skaf.a jyisniaj,g /jàu ksidh' fldínElvqj kdysñ m%uqL kdysñjreka uykqjr u.=,a uvqfõ§ bx.S%is rcl=g yd Tjqkaf.a ks,OdÍkag ke;s .=K .dhkd lrk ,oafoa rdcisxy rcqf.a ú,a¨o ms,sfhka yd rkalñka lrk ,o úðksm;ska uqyqKq jidf.k nj wms oksuq'
Wvrg ish¨ m%NQ mjq,a urd oud fyda ji.hg f.k fyda hgm;a fldg fyda ish ngysr ucr Ôú; Tmj;a lsÍu i|yd ,xldfõ wd¾:sl foaYmd,k iudc ixialD;sl jgmsgdj fjkia lrñka bx.%SiSka f.kd uqvqìï mk; yd fjk;a lDDr wKmk;aj,g úreoaOj Wvrg ckhd 1848 § fm< .efioa§ Bg kdhl;ajh §ug uqyqÿnäka .sh mqrka wmamq yd fåúÙ yereKq úg Wvrg kdhlhka lsisfjla b;sß ù fkdisáhy' tx.,ka;fha rcqf.a ‘uDÿ idOdrK md,kh yd wirKhka yd ÿ.Ska flfrys t;=uka fmkajQ lreKdj’ ieneúkau ,la fmdf<djg cks;j ;snqKs' ud¾;= 2 od Wvrg ck;dj w;rg meñ”u wdYs¾jdohla fldg ms<s.;a uyd kdhl ysñjre wdrdu we;=<g ù iqfjka l,a f.jQy'
j¾;udkfha wm oeka olskafka jir foiShhlg miq b;sydifha mqkrd.ukhhs' md,lhkaf.a kï .=K .dhkdlrk ix> mS;D;ajhhs' th 1815 § l< wdldrhgu oekqÿ .dhkd lrñka isáhs' W;=f¾ wysxil fou< ck;djg uqjd ù fõ¿ms,af,a ngysr Wjukdjka fjkqfjka fï uõìu folv lsÍug .;a W;aidyh ;ju ,xlSh ckhdg wu;lj f.dia ke;' 1987 § chj¾Ok f;dKavuka rch bka§h l=,S fiakdjkag uqjd ù fnÿïjdohg hgù lmamï fokúg;a fï uyd kdhl ysñjre msß;a kQ,a n¢ñka Bg wdYs¾jdo l<d wmg u;lh'
wo f,dalh m%Odk jYfhka l|jqre follg fn§ ngysr l|jqr" Ökh uq,afldg.;a
kef.kysr l|jqrg m%ydrhka t,a, lsÍu i|yd fï jkúg;a Èhdf.da .dIshfmf;ao ´iafg%a,shdfõo ueks,d yd lajd,d,dïmQ¾yso fldk¨¨¥ m;aj,o w;s kùk ñihs, ia:dk.; lrñka isáhs' wdishdj kj hqo flakao%hla njg fmr<d we;' f,dalfha úYd,u uqyqÿ udj; jeà we;af;a ,xldjg ie;mqï myla yhla wE;ska yïnkaf;dg jrdh fmak udkfhah' yïnkaf;dg jrdh Wmdhud¾.sl jYfhka wdrlaIKh yd m%idrKh i|yd b;du;au jeo.;ah' ;%ia;jdoh mrdchg m;a l< hqo úrejka Bg kdhl;ajh fok ,o foaYmd,k wêldßh iqkq úiqKq lsÍu ngysrg kHdhd;aulj .;a l< w;HjYH lghq;a;ls' ta i|yd wêrdcHjd§ka b;d iQlaIauj fidaNs; yd r;k yduqÿrejre yryd hymd,k u;jdoh ia:djr fldg .kafkah' oeka oeka uy kdhlysñjre B<Õ cjksldjg wjYH miqìu ilia lrñka isáhs' f;d.msáka kj md,lhka Wkajykafia,df.a wdrdu fj; f.dia kj mdjd§ug wjYH miqìug .e,fmk i¿ms<s wkaojd.ks;ss'
Wodù we;af;a ndysr md,lhka ish f.da,nd,hka Wmfhda.S fldg f.k Wmdhud¾.slj f,dal hqoaOfha fmruqKg ,xldj we;=¿ lsÍfï jljdkqjhs'
uq¿uy;a ,dxlSh iudchu ish iNH;ajh w;yer j,aje§ .sh iuhl irKxlr idÿ p¾hdj úiska thg mdjd§ h<s Tijd ;enQ wdldrfha ueÈy;aùula wjeis iuhl wfma ix> mS;Djre yeisfrkafka irKxlr kdysñhkaf.a wkq.dñlhka f,io@ irKxlr ysñhka lsisodl rcqf.a .=K .dhkd fkdl<y' rcqf.a Woõ ,ndf.k ,dxlSh iNH;ajhg h<s mK §u nqoaOmq;%hl=f.a Wreuh nj Wkajykafia mila fldg isá fial' ,dxlSh iNH;ajh ish b;sydifha wjidkh lrd fyñka fyñka <`fjñka mj;shs' irKxlr idÿ p¾hdj úiska f.dvkeÕ+ uq,alsß., yd fõje,af,a mrïmrdjka oeka ke;' Wkajykafia,d cd;shg m%dK jdhqj msöu i|yd f.dvkeÕ+ r;au,dfka mru OïufÉ;Sh msßfjk bka miq f.dvkemW.+ úfoHdaoh yd úoHd,xldr wOHdmk wdh;k fol ngysr úYajúoHd,h njg fmr,S cd;sfha orejka cd;sfha y;=rka njg fmr<k wdh;k njg m;a ù we;' kj irKxlr idÿ p¾hdjl iïm%dma;sh cd;sh tl yäka b,a,d isák fudfyd;l 1815 mdjd§ug iqnme;=ï tl;= l< fldínElvqj kdysñ mrïmrdjla wmg Wreu ù we;'
n%dyauK b.ekaùïj,g hg;aj fidf<dia uyd ckmohkays n%dyauK laI;S%h" ffjYHh" Yqo% f,i iudch fnod ;u meje;au i|yd nuqKka f.dvk.d ;snQ u;jdohka iqKqúiqKq fldg C%s' mQ' 6 jk ishjfia§ nqÿ ysñhka bÈßm;a l< wudoyu jQ nqÿ oyuhs' fmrÈ. f,dalhu taldf,dal fldg wd¾:sl foaYmd,k w;ska ngysrlrKh fkdù jvd fjkia udkj .=KO¾uj,ska wkQK wdishdkq Ñka;k úê iys; udkj mrmqrla f,dalhg odhdo lrk ,oafoa nqÿ oyu úisks' Wkajykafia ,sÉPqùkaf.a foaYmd,k C%fudamdhka w.ehSug ,la l<d ñi lsisu md,lhl=f.a .=K .dhkd lrk ;eklg fkdjeä fial' fud.a.,S mq;a; ;siai uy ry;kajykafiao O¾udfYdal rcqf.a .=K .dhkd fkdl< fial' ñys÷ udysñfhdao ;siai rcqg muKla fkdj wyfiys irk l=re,a,kago jkfhys irk i;=kago tlfia Ôú;hg we;s Wreuh myod ÿkakd ñi .=K .dhkd fldg oyu ia:djr lrkakg W;aidy fkd.;a fial'
f.!rjkSh uykdysñjreks" fï f.fjkafka wNsudkj;a ,dxlSh b;sydihla fn!oaO iNH;ajfha wjika fydardjhs' ngysr wêrdcHjdoh fmrÈ. iu. wdrïNfldg we;s oreKq hqoaOfha wdrïNl ksfïIhhs' fou< vhiafmdardj ;u l=,S fiakdxlhka njg m;afldg we;' bka ,dxlSh fou< ckhdg w;ajk iq.;shla fkdue;'
,dxlSh NQñhg w;ajk iq.;shla fkdue;' oekgu;a rg wrdðl;ajhla lrd mshk.d we;' ix> mS;Djrekaf.a j.lSu iïnqoaO Ydikh;a fï W;=ï mqkH NQñfha;a wkd.; brKu ljrdldÍ úh yelso" hkak y÷kdf.k bka cd;sh;a Ydikh;a fírd.ekSug w¾:fhka O¾ufhka ck;djg wkqYdikd lsÍuhs' fï ta i|yd ld,hhs' ldf,da whxf;a'
-fiakdr;ak o is,ajd-
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