wlalr 10438lg j. lshhs''
mßir weu;s ffu;%Smd,
ur kskafoa''
W;=re yd kef.kysr m,d;a folg wh;a jõkshdj" uq,;sõ" ukakdru yd wïmdr Èia;%slal j, msysá jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j hgf;a md,kh jk wdrlaIs; m%foaY 17 l jkdka;r wlalr 16500 la muK t<s fmfy<s lrñka w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgqùu yd j.d ìï jHdma; lsÍu kS;s úfrdaë f,i isÿ flfrñka mj;sk nj wm úiska isÿ l< wOHhkhlg wkqj wkdjrKh ù ;sfí' jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j ksyvj isáh § jk rlaIs; kjhl yd rchg wh;a jkdka;r m%foaY wgl fuu jkdka;r úkdYh isÿ flf¾' miq.sh rch mej;s iufha wdrïN jQ fuu oejeka; jk úkdYh j;auka rcfha md,kh hgf;a o wLKavj isÿ flfrñka mj;S'
kS;s úfrdaëj úkdY lrk wdrlaIs; m%foaY w;r ußÉpqlalÙä - lrälal=,s jk rlaIs;h" lrekald,smqrï jk rlaIs;h" uvqmdr jk rlaIs;h" mqjrikal=,ï jk rlaIs;h" l=,dußmamq jk rlaIs;h" kd.kafpdaf,hs jk rlaIs;h" brfika;srïl=,ï jk rlaIs;h" jvldvq jkdka;rh" ldflaksl=,ï jkdka;rh" fmßhuvq jkdka;rh" TÙvqiqvdka jkdka;rh" uqyqÿnv m;a;= jkdka;rh" lrälal=,s rcfha le,h" id,ïnhsl=,ï jkdka;rh yd iqÿfj;a;l=,ï jkdka;rh hk rlaIs; jkdka;r yd rcfha jkdka;r ìï fõ' fuu jkdka;r t<s fmfy<s lrñka ckdjdi msysgqùu isÿ flfrñka mj;S' óg wu;rj l=Uqlalk jk rlaIs;h yd nlañáhdj - ;sìßf.d,a, jk rlaIs;h t<s fmfy<s lrñka j.d ìï jHdma; lsÍu o isÿ flfrñka mj;S'
jõkshdj Èia;s%lalfha msysá iqúfYaIS jkdka;rhla jk lrekald,smqrï jk rlaIs;fha wlalr 5000 la muK m%foaYhla iïmQ¾Kfhkau t<s fmfy<s lr YS% ,xld uyje,s wêldßh" isú,a wdrlaIl fomd¾;fïka;=j yd hqO yuqodj tla ù ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍfï lghq;= isÿ flf¾' 1940 cqks 7 jk Èk wxl 8620 ork .eiÜ ksfõokh u.ska yd miqj 1985 Tlaf;daïn¾ 15 jk Èk 371$7 ork .eiÜ ksfõokh u.ska kej; rlaIs;hla njg m%ldYhg m;a l< fuu jk rlaIs;fha uq¿ NQñ m%udKh fylaghdr 8432 lls' m<uq wÈhr hgf;a miq.sh rch mej;s iufha wlalr 5000 la iïmQ¾Kfhkau t<s lr ck;dj mÈxÑ l< w;r fuu jk rlaIs;fha m%uqLj mej;s l¿jr Ydl oej cdjdru b;d nyq, f,i isÿ flßk' uyje,s t,a l,dmh f,i fuu m%foaY ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd fuu jk úkdYhka kS;s úfrdaë f,i isÿ flßk' fuu jkdka;r úkdYh fya;=fjka Woa.; jQ wêl w,s - ñksia .egqu md,kh lsÍu i|yd fï jk úg jk rlaIs;h folv lrñka úÿ,s jegj,a bÈ lr we;' fï fya;=fjka w,s - we;=kaf.a jdiia:dk ;j ÿrg;a LKavkh ù ;sfí' óg wu;rj ;j ÿrg;a fuu jk rlaIs;fha ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd ;j;a jkdka;r wlalr 3000 la ,nd .ekSug hqO yuqodj úiska miq.sh jif¾ iema;eïn¾ ui § jõkshdj m%dfoaYSh f,alï fj;ska b,a,Sï lr ;sfí' kuq;a wmf.a oeä n,mEu u; tu jkdka;r bvï ksoyia lsÍu fï jk úg ;djld,slj k;r lr ;sfí'
wo jk úg jõkshdj" uq,;sõ yd ukakdru hk Èia;s%lal ;=fkys jk rlaIs; yhlg yd rcfha jkdka;r ìï wglg wh;a jkdka;r wlalr 10438 la t<s fmfy<s lrñka wud;H ßYdÙ nÈhqre§ka uy;df.a iDcq fufyhùu u; w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgqùu isÿ lrkq ,efí' fï w;=ßka miq.sh ld,h ;=< § uy;a wdkafoda,khlg ,la jQfha ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkhg W;=ßka msysá jkdka;r ìï j, kS;S úfrdaëj ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍuh' fuu jkdka;r ìï l,a wdre Tfha m%Odk c, fmdaIl m%foaY f,i ie,flk l,a wdre jkdka;rh ke;fyd;a ußÉÑlalÙä - lrälal=,s jk rlaIs;hg wh;a h' tys jkdka;r wlalr 3000 la muK kS;s úfrdaë f,i t<s lrñka w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgqùu yd ßYdÙ nÈhqre§ka uy;d úiska fm!oa.,slj jkdka;r ìï w;am;a lr .ekSu isÿ úh'
fï w;r;=r kej;;a ßIdÙ nÈhq¾§ka weu;s;=udf.a ueÈy;a ùu u; ukakdru Èia;%sla f,alï" uqi,s m%dfoaYSh f,alï yd kdúl yuqodfõ ks,OdÍka w;r úfYaI idlÉPqdjla mj;ajd we;af;a ußÉpqlalÙä m%foaYfha ú,am;a;=j cd;sl jfkdaoHdkh udhsfï jkdka;r wlalr 900la kej; ,nd f.k w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgq ùug yd j.dìï ia:dms; lsÍug ie,iqï lsÍug h' th hymd,k rch ;=< § C%shd;aul lsÍug wud;Hjrhd úiska oeä W;aidyhl ksr; fõ'
ta ;;a;ajh ta whqßka isÿ fjoa§ jõkshdj Èia;s%lalfha fiÜál=,ï m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYfha msysá brfika;srïl=,ï jk rlaIs;fha wlalr 100 la muK iïmQ¾Kfhkau t<s fmfy<s lr w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgqùfï lghq;= miq.sh ld,h ;=< § ls%hd;aul flßk' mdjlal=,ï jej wdY%s;j fuu úYd, jk úkdYh yd w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgqùfï lghq;= isÿ flßk'
miq.sh rch mej;s ld, iSudj ;=< yd Èk ishfha jev ms<sfj, ls%hd;aul jQ ld, jljdkqj ;=< fï kS;s úfrdaë jkdka;r úkdYh yd w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgqùu ms<sn|j wm úiska rcfha wjOdkhg fhduq flrej o fï ;;a;ajh msgq oelSu i|yd lsisÿ ls%hdud¾.hla fkd.eksk' tys m%;sM,hla f,i isÿ jQfha hymd,k wdKavqj ;=< o ßYdÙ nÈhqre§ka wud;Hjrhdg ßisfia jkdka;r t<s lrñka w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgqùug wLKavj bv yir ,nd §uh'
iuyreka óg tfrysj lghq;= lsÍu cd;sjd§ o%DIaÒfldaKhlska n,d tu ls%hdjka idOdrkSlrKh lsÍug W;aidy oeÍh' kuq;a wm úiska È.ska È.gu wjOdrKh lf<a kS;s úfrdaë jkdka;r úkdY lsÍfuka isÿ jk ydks ms<sn|j h' ta ms<sn|j n,OdÍka weyqïlka fkd§u fya;=fjka wo jk úg cd;sjd§ .egqï ;;a;ajhg fuh mßj¾:kh fjñka mj;S'
ßYdÙ nÈhqre§ka wud;Hjrhdf.a wdOdrlrejka úiska uq,;sõ Èia;s%lalfha uvq jk rlaIs;fha" fldkaähdl=mamï m%foaYfha wlalr 600 la t<s fmfy<s lrñka w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgqùug tfrysj fou, cd;sl ixOdkfha ksfhdað;hska msßila úiska oeä n,mEula t,a, lr ;sfí' tys§ Tjqka w;r .egqï mjd yg f.k we;' fujeks ;;a;ajhla we;s úh yels nj wm wjfndaO lr f.k óg m%:u fuu ls%hdj,sh k;r lsÍug kS;sh ls%hd;aul ljk f,ig wod< wxY oekqïj;a l< o Tjqka ls%hd fkdlsÍfï m%;sM, wo jk úg wys;lr f,i u;= fjñka mj;S'
W;=re - kef.kysr hqoaOh mej;s iufha § wj;eka jQ ck;dj hqoaOfhka miqj ksis mßÈ Tjqkaf.a mdrïmßl bvï j, kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug miq.sh rch yd j;auka rch úiska ksis ls%hdud¾. fkd.ekSfï m%;sM, f,i fï ;;a;ajh Woa.;j ;sfí' cd;sl ie,eiqulska f;drj ßYdÙ nÈhqre§ka wud;Hjrhdg ßisfia kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï lghq;= isÿ lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §fï m%;sM,hla f,i fï ;;a;ajh Woa.;j ;sfí'
ienE f,iu hqoaOfhka wj;eka jQjka ;ju wkd: l|jqre j, isáh § w¨;ska ck;dj W;=re - kef.kysr m%foaY j, mÈxÑ lrñka t,a'à'à'B' ;%ia:jd§kaf.ka uqod .;a m%foaY jerÈ f,i Ndú;hg .ekSfuka kej;;a W;=re yd kef.kysr m%foaY j, Ôj;ajk mdrïmßl ck lKavdhï w;r wkjYH .egqula u;= jkq we;' fï ;;a;ajh j¾Okh fkdùug kï rch ksis mßÈ fï i|yd ueÈy;a úh hq;=j we;'
fï jk úg kef.kysr m,df;a wïmdr Èia;s%lalfha l=Uqlalk jk rlaIs;h yd nlañáhdj - ;sìßf.d,a, jk rlaIs;h t<s fmfy<s lrñka uy mßudK j.d ìï jHdma; lsÍfï lghq;= o isÿ flf¾' fï ls%hdjka fufyhjkq ,nkafka ta' t,a' tï' w;jq,a,d yd rjq* ylSï hk uy;ajreka úisks' fï jk úg nlañáhdj - ;sìßf.d,a, jk rlaIs;fha jÜguvq m%foaYfha wlalr 1000 la t<s lr kS;s úfrdaëj j.d ìï jHdma; lr we;s w;r l=qUqlalk jk rlaIs;fha roe,a, m%foaYfha wlalr 70 la muK t<s lr w¨;ska j.d ìï jHdma; lrkq ,efí'
fuf,i jk rlaIs; t<sfmfy<s lr ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍu yd j.d ìï ia:dms; lsÍu isÿ lr we;af;a 2009 wxl 65 orK mk;ska wjika jrg ixfYdaê; 1907 wxl 06 orK jk ixrlaIK wd{d mkf;a 7 jk j.ka;sh W,a,x>Kh lrñks' tu j.ka;shg wkqj jk rlaIs;hlg wkjirfhka we;=¿ ùu" /q§ isàu" Ydl lmd bj;a lsÍu" ia:sr fyda ;djld,sl f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍu" tjdfha mÈxÑ ùu" ud¾. ilia lsÍu yd j.d ìï ia:dms; lsÍu kS;s úfrdaë fõ' tjka jrola isÿ lrk mqoa.,hl= fyda ta i`oyd wdOdr fyda wkqn, ,nd fok ;eke;af;l= o jro lrejl= fjhs' tjka jrola i`oyd jerÈlrejl= jk mqoa.,hl= jir 05 la fkdblaujk nkaOkd.dr .; lsÍulg fyda remsh,a ,laIh;a oi ,laIh;a w;r ovhlg fyda fï folgu hg;a l< yels h' Bg wu;r j jk rlaIs;hg lrk ,o úkdYh i|yd wêlrKh u.ska kshu lrk ov uqo,lg o hg;a l< yels h'
jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j hgf;a md,kh jk rchg wh;a jkdka;r ìï t<sfmfy<s lr ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍu isÿ lr we;af;a jk ixrlaIK wd{d mkf;a 20 jk j.ka;sh W,a,x>Kh lrñks' tu jkdka;r t<s fmfy< lsÍu" Ydl lmd bj;a lsÍu" ud¾. ilia lsÍu" iaÒr fyda ;djld,sl f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍu" tajdfha mÈxÑ ùu" j.d ìï ia:dms; lsÍu kS;s úfrdaë C%shdjls' tjka kS;s úfrdaê C%shdj, ksr;j isák mqoa.,fhl= fyda ta i`oyd wOdr fyda wkqn, ,ndfok mqoa.,fhl= o jrolrejl= fõ' tjka C%shdjl ksr;jk mqoa.,hl= jfrka;=jla fkdue;sj w;awvx.=jg f.k ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKhlg bÈßm;a l< yels w;r tys § jro lrejl= lrKq ,enQ úg jir 2 la fkdhslaujk ld,hla i`oyd nkaOkd.dr .; lsÍula fyda remsh,a 5000 ;a 50000 ;a w;r ovhlg fyda fï folgu hg;a l< yels h' Bg wu;r j jkdka;rhg isÿ lrK ,o ydksh i`oyd wêlrKh u`.ska kshu lrK ovhlg o hg;a l< yels h'
fujka oeä kS;s Í;s hgf;a fuu jkdka;r md,kh jqj o jk ixrlaIK wd{ mk; W,a,x>kh lrñka W;=re yd kef.kysr m,d;a j, wdrlaIs; jkdka;r 17 lg wh;a jkdka;r ìï úkdY lsÍug tfrysj lsisÿ ls%hdud¾.hla jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska fuf;la f.k fkdue;s ùu b;du lK.dgqodhl ;;a;ajhls'
jk ixrlaIK wd{d mk; muKla fkdj cd;sl mdßißl mk; yd mqrdjia;= wd{d mk; hk wkmk;a W,a,x>Kh lrñka fuu jkdka;r t<s fmfy<s lsÍu" w¨;ska ckdjdi msysgq ùu yd j.d ìï ia:dms; lsÍu isÿ lr we;' 1980 wxl 47 ork ixfYdaê; cd;sl mdßißl mkf;a 23m j.ka;shg wkqj m%ldYs; 1993 cqks 24 Èk wxl 772$22 ork .eiÜ ksfõokhg wkqj fylaghdr tllg jvd jeä jkdka;r m%foaYhla t<s fmfy<s lr hï ixj¾Ok jHmD;shla i|yd fhdod .ekSug m%:ufhka fyda mjq,a 100 lg jeä m%udKhla tl jr mÈxÑ lsÍfï jHdmD;shla ls%hd;aul lsÍug m%:ufhka fyda jk rlaIs;hla ;=< fyda tys udhsfï isg óg¾ 100 la we;=<; hï ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shla C%shd;aul lsÍug m%:ufhka mßir n,mEï we.hSï C%shdj,shg hg;a j mQ¾j ,sÅ; mdßißl wkque;sh ,nd .; hq;= h' tjka lsisÿ C%shdud¾.hlg fuu jHdmD;sh C%shd;aul lsÍug m%:ufhka fhduq ù fkdue;' kuq;a Bg tfrysj uOHu mßir wêldßh úiska o fuf;la lsisÿ C%shdud¾.hla f.k fkdue;'
1940 wxl 09 orK ixfYdaê; mqrdjia;= wd{d mkf;a 23w iy 47 jk j.ka;sj,g wkqj m%ldYs; 2000 Tlaf;daïn¾ 04 jk Èk wxl 1152$14 orK .eiÜ ksfõokhg wkqj mjq,a kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug m%:u" fylaghdr follg jvd jeä N+ñ m%foaY t<s fmfy<s lsÍug m%:u yd mÈxÑh i`oyd ksjdi ixlS¾K bÈlsÍug m%:u mqrdúoHd ydks we.hSula isÿ lr ta i`oyd wkque;sh ,nd .; hq;= h' kuq;a tjka wkque;shlska f;drj fuu ish¿ jkdka;rh t<s fmfy<s lrñka uyd mßudK ckdjdi msysgq ùug tfrysj mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j o fï jk ;=re;a lsisÿ C%shdud¾.hla f.k fkdue;'
fuu wK mk;a W,a,x>kh lrñka uyskao rdcmlaI rch mej;s iufha § wdrïN l< fuu jk úkdYhka yd kS;s úfrdaë ckdjdi jHdma; lsÍu fukau j.d ìï jHdma; lsÍfï lghq;= j;auka hymd,k rch ;=< o wLKavj isÿ flfrñka mej;Su lK.dgqjg lreKls' fï ish,a, msgqolsñka n,hg m;a jQ rchlska fujka ;;a;ajla n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh fkdyelsh'
fujr ckdêm;sjrKfha § j;auka ckdêm;s ffu;s%md, isßfiak uy;d úiska ‘‘ffu;s% md,khla ia:djr rgla’’ uefhka bÈßm;a l< m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkfha 31 msgqfõ fidndoyu /ql .ekSu fldgfia i|yka jkafka jk úkdYh je<elaùug yd ixfõ§ mßir moaO;s wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd ;rd;sru fkdn,d mßir kS;s ls%hd;aul lsÍug wjYH miqìu f.dv k.k njh' kuq;a ta ;;a;ajh f.dvke.Sug udi 10 lg jeä ld,hla .; jqj o ;ju wfmdfydi;a ù we;' fï ksid W;=re yd kef.kysr m%foaY j, ixfõ§ mßir moaO;s rcfha wud;Hjrekaf.a ueÈy;a ùu u; iS.%fhka t<s fmfy<s lrñka mj;S'
miq.sh md¾,sfïka;= ue;sjrKfha § zzudi 60 lska w¨;a rgla yok mxp úO ls%hdj,shzz f,i tlai;a cd;sl mlaIh bÈßm;a l< m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkfha 18 jk msgqfõ ;srir ixj¾Okh fldgfiys i|yka lr we;af;a rfÜ ixrlaIs; l,dm f,i kS;sfhka kshu lr we;s N+ñ Nd. wdrlaId lsÍug lghq;= lrk njh' kuq;a fï ish,a, m%;sm;a;s m%ldYk j, j.ka;s j,g muKla iSud ù we;s nj fmfkkakg ;sfí' tajd h;d¾:hla njg m;a lsÍug W;aidy .kakd njla fmfkkakg fkdue;'
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok yd mßir jevigyk hgf;a ls%hd;aul jk furg jkdka;r ydhkh yd LKavkh ùu je<elaùu i|yd jk uyd jHdmD;s ie,eiqu fvd,¾ ñ,shk .Kkla jeh lr ilia lrk jk ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=jg W;=re yd kef.kysr m%foaYj, oejeka; jk úkdYhka fkdfmkSu mqÿuhg lreKls'
fuu ie,eiqï ilia lr ls%hd;aul lrk wjêh jk úg fndfyda jk rlaIs; yd jkdka;r LKavkh ùu yd ydhkh ùu kej; wdmiaig yerúh fkdyels ;;a;ajhg m;a ù ;sfnkq we;' wjYH jkafka fuu ie,eiqï ilia lrk w;r;=r oekg b;sß ù ;sfnk ish¿ rlaIs; yd wjfYaI jkdka;r ish,a, wdrlaId lsÍug oekg mj;sk kS;s Í;s wmlaImd;Sj ls%hdjg kexùuh' tfia fkdue;s jqjfyd;a miq.sh rcfha neis,a rdcmlaI" ßYdÙ nÈhqre§ka" kdu,a rdcmlaI jeks ue;s weu;sjrekag ßisfia W;=re yd kef.kysr jk rlaIs; jekiqjd fiau j;auka hymd,k rcfha ßYdÙ nÈhqre§ka jeks weue;sjrekag ßis fia W;=re yd kef.kysr m%foaY j, jk rlaIs; ish,a,u jkid oud wjika jk ld,h jeä wE;l fkdjkq we;'
iÔj pdñlr
mßir ixrlaIK Ndrh
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