oekqïj;aùu msKsihs''
jHjia:d ixfYdaOk u.äfha
iÕjk we;a; fukak''
jHjia:d ixfYdaOk l%shdj,sh .ek ks, jYfhka fï rfÜ ck;dj oekqïj;a jkafka fï jir uq,§ ,wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrK ms<sn| uyck woyia úuiSfï lñgqj~~ úiska cd;sl mqj;am;aj, m< l< mqj;am;a oekaùu m%ldrjh' t;eka isg udi .Kkdjla rg mqrd fï zzfldñiuzz weúoafoa zzuyck woyia ,nd .ekSugzzh' tys§ fï jHjia:d ixfYdaOk l%shdj,sfha zzfhdaclhkazz jk fou< fnÿïjdofha ks, ksfhdað;hka jk fou< cd;sl ixOdkfha;a" tys wdkqIx.sl isú,a ixúOdk hEhs lshkakdjQ iñ;s iud.ï j,;a woyia Woyia uy by<ska ms<s.kakgo" ta fhdackd fkdmudj ckudOH Tiafia m%pdrh lrkakg;a lghq;= iïmdokh ù ;snqK nj ryila fkdfõ'
tfy;a rfÜ iEu Èia;%slalhlu jHjia:dj iïnkaOfhka idlaIs ,ndÿka fndfyda ueoy;a msßiao" isxy, yd isxy, fn!oaO ixúOdk yd isxy, iudc l%shdldÍkag ,enqfKa l=vïudf.a ie<ls,s njo wikakg ,enqKs' ,d,a úfþkdhl lñgqj lkaola ú,sjeo je¥ jd¾;dj oeka ksl=;aù we;' wms tys ishÆ oE idlÉPd lrkakg fkdfjfyfiuq' tfy;a fï rfÜ fmdÿ uyck;djf.a;a" úfYaIfhkau isxy,hkaf.a oekqïj;aùu msKsi lreKq lsysmhla muKla i|yka lruq'
lñgq idudðlhkaf.ka 7 fofkl= kj cd;sl Ochla iïmdokhg fhdackd lrhs' tfiau 2000 yd 2004 jHjia:d flgqïm;aj, cd;sl .Sh iïnkaOfhka we;s fhdackd ie,ls,a,g .ksñka isxyf,ka yd fouf<ka .hkakgo fhdackd lrhs' fofofkla yer ish,a,ka kdñlj fyda nqoaOd.ug m%uqLia:dkh msßkefuk 9jk jHjia:dj bj;a lsÍug fhdackd lr we;' isõ mqoa., bvï fldñiula fhdackd lrk lñgqj tys tla isxy, ksfhdað;hl=o" tla uqia,sï ksfhdað;hl=o" tla fou< ksfhdað;hl=o" l÷rg fou< ck;dj fjkqfjka ;j;a tla ksfhdað;hl=o m;alsÍug fhdackd lrhs' túg isjq mqoa., lñgqfõ fou< cd;slhska fofofkls' uqia,sï ksfhdað;hdo iu. wisxy,hska ;sfofkla bvï fldñifï fj;s' Y%S ,xldj wkd.ñl rdcHhla f,i m%ldYhg m;alrkakg o fhdackd lrhs' wkd.ñl rdcHhla b,a,d uyck;dj wr., lrkakg mgka .;af;a l%sia;shdks m,a,sfha;a" l=rdKfh;a" .S;dfõ;a we;eï b.ekaùï ïf,aÉP f,i ukqIHhska md,khg jvd u¾okhg md,lhka úiska fhdod .;a neúKs' fn!oaO rdcHhla hkq Th lshk wd.ñl rdcHhla fkdfõ' fï fnÿïjd§ lñgq jd¾;dj W;aidy lrkafka wkd.ñl rdcH mohg uqjdù f:arjdoh w;=.d oeófï ngysr wjYH;dj bgqlsÍugh'
W;=r yd kef.kysr m<d;a j, isxy, ckhd mÈxÑ lsÍfuka ck wiu;=,s;;djla we;sjQ nj fuu jd¾;dfõ uy;a wjOdrKfhka olajd we;' tfy;a oyih jk ishjfika miqj yd uE; hq.hkays§ hdmkh uvl,mqj wd§ m%foaYj,ska t<jdoeuQ oi oyia .Kka isxy, mjq,a .ek jokl=ÿ fkdlSug lñgqj zzm%fõiïzz ù we;' lñgqj úiska kj jHjia:djg iu,sx.sl;ajh .ek nrm;< f,i is;kakg ks¾foaY lrkafka fufiah' zzjhi iïmQ¾K ù we;s ishÆ mqoa.,hskag ckj¾.h" cd;sh" wd.u" ,sx.sl wkkH;dj" ,sx.sl keUqrej wd§fha iSudjlska ^iu ,sx.sl" oaù ,sx.sl" mdr ,sx.sl" yd wka;¾ ,sx.sl" kdß ffu:qkHh& f;drj újdy ùug yd mjq,la iE§ug whs;sh ;sfí' Tjqkg iudk whs;sjdislï ,eìh hq;=hzz
wkd.ñl rdcH l;dfõ§ lñgqj mjik tla ydiH ckl" tfy;a jeo.;a lreKla ;sfí' th tla w;lska lñgqj ksrej;a lrkafka h" wfk;a w;ska fï iglmg foaYmd,k wvõfõ ienE nrm;,lu fy<sorõ lrkafkah' zzwm fm!oa.,slj wkd.ñl rdcHhlg leu;s kuq;a uyck;dj bÈßm;a l< úúO woyia wkqj wmg fmkS .sfha j;auka wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ fuu j.ka;s fjkia lsÍu wkjYH .egqulg fya;=jla úh yels nj;a th wdKavq l%u jHjia:d iïmdok l%shdj,shg n,mE yels nj;ahzz fuys§ fuu fldñiu ^fyda Tjqkaf.a iajdóka& jvd;a ìh ù we;af;a uyd ix>hd jykafia fmrgq lr.;a isxy, fn!oaOhska fuu jHjia:djg úreoaO ùfuka fnÿïjdoh Yla;su;a lrk fiiq fhdackdo l=Kq l+vhg heug bv we;s ksidh' kuq;a cd;sl fldäh fjkia lsÍu fukau ckdêm;s l%uh fjkia lsÍu hk ldrKd j,§ lñgqj fkdìhj woyia bÈßm;a fldg we;s nj fmfka' fjiaÜñksiag¾ w.ue;s m%Odk md,k ;ka;%hla we;s lsÍu" fou< yd uqia,sï ck j¾. ksfhdackh lrk Wm ckdêm;s OQrhla we;s lsÍu" hk ldrKdj,g úfYaI ;ekla foñka tu fhdackd meyeÈ,s lrñka fuu lñgqj m%n, f,i ish fhdackd bÈßm;a lr we;'
tfy;a zzúOdhl w.ue;szz ;;a;ajh blaujd .sh l%ufõohlska rfÜ úOdhl kdhlhd f;dard.; hq;=h" tkï ish úOdhlh f;dard.ekSfï wjia:dj rfÜ ishÆ mqrjeishkag ysñúh hq;=h hk ixl,amh ìysjkafka fndfyda zzm%cd;ka;%jd§zz rgj,a mjd wo jk úg úOdhl w.ue;s l%uh m%;slafIam lr we;s ;;a;ajhla ;=<h' Y%S ,xldfõ úOdhl ckdêm;s OQrh ia:dmkh jkafka rglg ia:djr úOdhlhl wjYH;dj wjOdrKh lrñks' tys§ m%;slafIam jQfha úúO Wmdh Wml%u u.ska md¾,sfïka;=fõ ^úfYaIfhkau iq¿cd;sl wka;jd§kaf.a& m%dK wemlrejl= njg m;ajkakg bv we;s w.%dud;H Oqrh ;SrKd;aul wjia:dj,§ fl;rï wjodkïo hk ;;a;ajhhs' we;a; jYfhkau úOdhl w.ue;s OQrhl uqjdfjka meñfKk foaYmd,k m%;sixialrKhla hkq fï rfÜ fnÿïjd§ n,fõ. j, ft;sydisl ch.%yKhls' 1978 jk úg úOdhl w.ue;s l%uh kHdhd;aulj yd foaYmd,kslj m%;slafIam lr kj foaYmd,k iïm%odhla bÈßm;a l< tlai;a cd;sl mlaI wdKavqj wo jk úg h<s;a ta h,amskQ úOdhl w.ue;s l%uh b,a,d isákafka wehs@ ta i|yd Tjqkg we;s iodpdrd;aul whs;sh l=ulao@
fï jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul jkafka isxy,hdf.a wNsudkh ì¢h hq;=h hk taldhk wruqK fmroeß lrf.k nj ;jÿrg;a meyeÈ,s l< hq;=o@ tfyhska jHjia:d ixfYdaOk u.äh iudc.; flreKq fï jljdkqj wms .eUqßka y÷kd.; hq;=h'
cd;sl mqj;am;a j, msgq mqrd m<lrñka ú.afkaYajrka uy weu;sjrhd bÈßm;a l< f*vr,a fhdackdj,sfha zzweÕ ls<sfmd,d hkzz uQ,sl ,laIK i<ld ne,Su jeo.;ah' NdIdj mokï lr.;a fou< rdcHhla W;=f¾ yd kef.kysro" isxy, mokï lr.;a isxy, rdcHhla ol=fKao we;s lsÍu u; mokïù we;s fï fhdackd j,sh" W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, uqia,sï ck;dj i|yd fjku iajdëk mßmd,k tall ,nd§ug fhdackd lrhs' taldnoaO lrkq ,nk m%dka;hg W;=re kef.kysr fjku md¾,sfïka;=jla fou< fnÿïjdoh b,a,d isà' iajdëk mßmd,k tall yd m%dka; rdcHhg iajhx ks¾K whs;sh ,nd§uo" m%dka; rdcHfha lghq;= i|yd uOHu rcfha ueÈy;aùuo m%;slafIam lsÍuo" cd;sl Ocfhka zzjd¾.sl ksrEmhkazz bj;a lsÍuo mQ¾K fmd,sia yd bvï n,;, ,nd§uo" yuqod bj;a lsÍuo" foaYmd,ksl lreKq i|yd fjku cku; úpdrK meje;aùfï n,ho ta fhdackd j,sh b,a,d isà' wmg wikakg we;af;a ir, mekhls' fuh kj jHjia:djla i|yd jk fhdackd ud,djlao" ke;fyd;a t,a'à'à'B' ixúOdkfha kHdh m;%ho@
w;sYh m%cd;ka;%jd§ zzuyck woyia úuiSulskazz jHjia:d flgqïm;la ck.; lrkakg ;;kk ffjj¾K wdKavqj fln÷ jHqyhlao@ uyck;dj úiska m%;slafIam lr oeuQ mrdð; foaYmd,k{hska fjk;a fydr mdrj,ska md¾,sfïka;= .; lsÍfï zziqmsß m%cd;ka;%jdohuzz wdKavqfõ we;s wffk;slNdjh m%lg lrhs' tn÷ jxpksl rchlska hqla;shla n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh yelso@ ;ud ckdêm;s ukaÈrfha jdih fkdlrkafka ta i|yd úhoï jk wêl uqo, ksidhEhs m%isoaêfha lshdmdk ckdêm;sjrhdf.a kS,mg o¾Ykfhka" weu;s jdyk i|yd remsh,a fldaá 118 l mßmQrl weia;fïka;=jla iïu; lrkakg W;aiy ork foaYmd,k fy¿j jid.; yelso@ rjgkakg yokafka ldjo@ fï u.ä kdgl wiafia jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh hk kñka l<t<s niskafkao u.ä kdglhlau nj wms j.lSfuka lshkafkuq'
1970 oYlfha isÿjQ wdKavql%u iïmdol uKav, m;alsÍï yd fjk;a n, foda,kh ùïj,§ fï rfÜ j.lsjhq;= uydkdhl wkqkdhl iajdóka jykafia,df.a yeisÍu yd ueÈy;aùu Wka jykafia,d flfrys wm ;=< we;s lrkafka uy;a f.!rjhls' tl, wdKavql%u iïmdol uKav,h wu;d zzisxy, cd;sfha;a iïnqoaO Ydikfha;a wkd.;h iïnkaO ia:sr meyeÈ,s mokula u; wÆ;a wdKavql%u jHjia:dj iïmdokh jkq oelSu isxy, fn!oaO ck;djf.a m%d¾:kh ù we;zzhs lSug tod u,aj;= wia.sß uy kdysñfhda taldnoaO ixfoaYhlska lshd isáhy' rchg wkqYdikd lsÍug iÕrejfka uQ,sl;ajfhka W;a;Í;r rdcHdkqYdikd uKav,hla msysgqjkakehs rch wu;d lSug jhU ff;%ksldhsl ix> iNdjg yelshdj ;snqKs' ,xldfõ tlu rdcH NdIdj isxy, úh hq;= hEhs lshkakg rdu[a[ uyd ksldh lghq;= lr ;snqKs' wo uq¿ukskau fï kdhl ldrld§ NslaIqka jykafia wl¾ukHhEhs wms fkdlshuq' tfy;a w;S;h yd ii|k l, iuia;hla f,i ix> iudcfha wm olsk ksIal%sh;ajh yd ìkak;dj wm ;=< .uH lrkafka fõokdjls'
m%cd;ka;%jdoh hkq nyq;rfha leue;a;h' wfma rfÜ nyq;rh ljqrekao@ cd;shla jYfhka kï isxy,hkah' wd.ula jYfhka kï fn!oaOhkah' tfy;a 1505 werUQ isxy,hka yd fn!oaOhska nyqúO wdldrfhka ixydrh lsÍu wo jk úg fï rfÜ mru Wreulaldr ft;sydisl cd;sh lreulaldr ksIal%Sh cd;shla njg m;alr ;sfí' 1948 olajd l%ufhka isÿjQ isxy, fn!oaOhka jd¾.slj" yd foaYmd,kslsj ixydrh lsÍu whsj¾ fcksx.aiaf.a Wmdh wkqj m%Odk mlaI follg lvkq ,ÿj id¾:l m%;sM, fk,d .;af;ah' bÈka isxy,hdf.a tlaùu lsisod isÿ fkdjk ;rugu wiïNjHh' ta khska md,k n,h nyq;r isxy,hd i;=ùu ;nd" md,l mlaIh yd úmlaIh ;SrKh lsÍfï n,hj;a isxy,hd i;= fkdfõ' rcqka ;kkafka tlaflda wka;jd§kah" ke;akï fnÿïjd§kah" ta;a ke;akï fldñhqksiaÜjd§ka h'
zzfj,a,iaizz hkq 1818 isxy, ke.sàfï§ fj,a ^tkï l=Uqre& ,laIhla úkdY l< ia:dkh hEhs ckm%jdo lshhs' j¾;udk rch óg udi lSmhlg fmr md¾,sfïka;=fõ ixjdo lf<a wfma rfÜ ù j.dj fylafghd¾ 100"000 lska wvq lsÍugh' ta i|yd fjk;a fndfyda l=uka;%Ko l%shd;aul lr we;' tod fj,a ,laIh;a" wo ^tallh l=ula jqj;a& fj,a ,laIh;a w;r we;af;a ffofjdam.; iïnkaOhla fkdfõo@ wm lshkafka fï jljdkqfõ isxy,fha md,k n,h 1818§ md,kh l< n%jqkaß.a,df.a" ú,aika,df.a uqKqnqre ñKsìßhka w; m;aj we;s njls' Wka isxy, rEmhfhka bmso" nd.od isxy, mkakhg w¢kjd m<¢kjdo úh yel' n%s;dkHfha Ôj;a jk .Kkska ,laI ;=kla muK jQ fou< iq¿;rhg n%s;dkHfha fldkai¾fõáõ yd lïlre mlaIh ysi kukafka ta Pkao ,laI fol ;=k iajlSh mlaIh ch.%yKh lrùfï§ ;SrKd;aul neúKs' ta wkqidrfhka fou< vhiafmdardj Wmßu jdis ,nd .kafkah' wfma rfÜo md,k n,h Èkd.ekSu Wfoid fou< yd uqia,sï iq¿;rhg ysi kuk tlai;a cd;sl mlaI fyda Y%S ,xld ksoyia mlaI fyda fjkhï mlaIhl Bkshd kdhlhska hkq isxy, kï we;sj h<s Wmka ffjÍ iqoafodau h'
fou< ckj¾.h ksfhdackh i|yd kdhlhska lSm fofkl= fyda tla whl= isá;s' uqia,sï ckj¾.h iïnkaOfhkao ;;a;ajh tfiauh' ta fya;=fjka foaYmd,kslj n,h iïnkaO .kqfokqj,§ ta kdhlhska i;=j flaj,a lsÍfï yelshdjla we;' isxy,hd fjkqfjka flaj,a lrkafka ljqo@ ckdêm;s fyda w.ue;s fyda fjk;a wfhla kduud;%slj isxy, jQ muKska ta wh cd;sh ksfhdackh lrkafkao@ lsisfia;au ke;' wm ú.%yh m%ldrj" ckdêm;sjrhd fyda fiiaika cd;sfha kdhlhska fkdfõ' Tjqka rdcH kdhlhskah' ta ish,a,ka ck;dj ^fjfiiska isxy,hska& rjgk Bkshd ue;sjrK l%uhlska m;a l< ngysr wêrdcHjdofha ksfhdað;hskau muKls' ta khska .;a l< jHjia:dj hkq ta whf.a /lshd ld¾h ,ehsia;=jhs' jHjia:dj hkq isxy,h iQrd lEug fyda ;ukag wNsu; mßÈ md,kh lsÍug Oj, p¾uOdÍkaf.a fnda,a)fmdhskaÜ mEklska lgq.E ,shú,a,ls'
ishÆ wjl%shd zzbjiñkazz ffjj¾K wdKavqfõ úOdhlfha m%Odksh;a jHjia:dodhlfha m%Odkshd;a lrkafka uqKsj; /lSuh' we;a; jYfhkau fujeks m%Yakj,§ iajlSh md,kh ;=< isák ljrl= fyda jqjo md,kh l< hq;af;a Tjqkah' tfy;a uqia,sï wka;jdofha ksfhdað;fhdao" fou< fnÿïjdofha ksfhdað;fhdao ys;+ ys;+ foa lsh;s" lr;s' j.lsjhq;a;kaf.a uqKsj; ksid fmdÿ uyckhd fyda úfYaIfhkau isxy, yd isxy, fn!oaO isú,a iudc l%shdldÍka ^idudkHfhka fudjqka y÷kajkafka cd;sjd§ka f,ih& ta ta ;;a;ajhkag" m%ldYhkag" l%shdjkag m%;spdr olajkakg hhs' th fndfyda úg ;j;a zzl¿ cQ,shlskazz fl<jr jkakg ms<sjk' tfia kï Bkshd jHjia:dodhlh;a" úOdhlh;a n,d isákafka ;j;a l¿ cQ,shla Wod jk ;=reo@
wjidk jYfhka hula úuikakg ;sfí' m<uqj iuia;h i,ld ne,Sfï§ wm fï jHjia:d iïmdok lñgqfõ jd¾;dj m%Odk lreKq folla u; foda,kh jk njla fmfkkakg ;sfí' m<uqjekak fï ft;sydisl foaYfha isxy, fn!oaO wkkH;dj kiñka fnÿïjdohg mdr lmk keUqre;djhh' fojekak kï" fï foaYfha ixialD;sh nrm;< f,i fid,jd,ñka iu,sx.sl;ajh jeks úIudpdrhka i|yd ffk;sl mokula ,nd§ug ord we;s W;aidyhhs' fï Bkshd jHjia:d ixfYdaOk l%shdj,shg kdhl;ajh fokafka mj;sk zzhymd,kzz rchhs' bka lshEfjkafka fï wdKavqfõ rdcH md,k uQ,O¾u ù we;af;a fnÿïjdoh yd ÿrdpdÍ ,sx.sl úIudpdrhka njo@
fojkqj" we;eï j.lsjhq;= isxy, yd isxy, fn!oaO isú,a ixúOdk yd l%shdldÍka úiska fld<U§ yd Èjhsk mqrd Èia;%sla uÜgñka ,ndÿka fhdackd fï jd¾;dfõ we;=<;a fkdùuh' we;eï mqoa., yd ixúOdk kdu i|yka jqjo ta fhdackdjkays idrh jd¾;djg we;=<;aù ke;' ta ms<sn| idlaIs wm i;=h' tfia rg mqrd ,ndÿka fhdackd yd woyia úYaf,aIKh lr rdcHfha iajNdjh" mqrjeis Ndjh" wd.u iy uQ,sl whs;sjdislï" NdId whs;sh" rdcH m%;sm;a;s fufyhùfï uQ,O¾u" W;a;Í;r ix> uKav,h" úOdhlh" n,h fnod yeÍu" ue;sjrK l%uh" fjk;a fhdackd hk YS¾I oyh Tiafia tajd wm úiska idrxY .; lr ;sfí' ta lsisjla fï lñgq jd¾;dfõ wka;¾.; ù ke;' tfyhska fuh yqfola fnÿïjd§kaf.a wjYH;dj u;" fndre m%cd;ka;%jd§ uyck u; úuiSula fia ujdmdñka" isÿl< jxpksl l%shdjla nj m%ldY lruq'
f;jkqj" iuia; jHjia:d ixfYdaOk l%shdj,sh yd ,d,a úfþkdhl lñgq jd¾;dj iïnkaOfhka taldnoaO úmlaIfha ia:djrh l=ulao@ Tjqka ksy`v wehs@ taldnoaO úmlaIh hkq mj;sk rcfha ienE úmlaIh fukau" fnÿïjdofha ñ,sgß mrdchg uQ,sl jQ foaYmd,k kdhl;ajfha j¾;udk iajrEmhhs' hg;a msßfihska jHjia:dfõ 9jk j.ka;sh iïnkaOfhka bÈßm;aj we;s fhdackd .ek fyda hula m%ldYhg m;alrkakg taldnoaO úmlaIh wiu;aùu ms<sn|j fï rfÜ foaYudul ck;dj miqjkafka l=l=fiks'
wdpd¾h pñ, ,shkf.a
isxy, ixf.aou nqoaê uKav,h
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