Y%S ,xldj N+lïmk
l,dmhg <x fjhs''
wm l< hq;af;a l=ula‌o@

N+ñlïmd" wk;=re ol=K wdishdfõ ck Ôú; lïmkhg m;a lr ;sfí' jir 81 lg miq bkaÿ-hqf¾ishdkq N+ ;,h il%Sh ùfuka fkamd,fha§ ñh.sh .Kk oi oyilg wdikakh' N+ úoHd{hkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq ù we;af;a B<`. N+ñlïmdj isÿjk Èkh iy ;ek fkdj tu N+ñlïmdfjka ñhhk m%udKh wju lr.kafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|jh'

fldaá y;aishh ^700& bla‌ujd f.dia‌ we;s f,dal ck.yKh mD;=úh u; we;s lrk mSvkhg tfrysj fidnd oyu wldreKsl f,i l%shd;aul ù ;sfí' ol=Kq wdishdfõ udkjhdf.a wkd.;h N+ñlïmd u; ;SrKh jk ;ekg m;afjñka ;sfí'

weußld tla‌i;a ckmofha N+ úoHd ióla‍IK wdh;kfha ^USGS& o;a;j,g wkqj 1905 jif¾ isg 2015 ola‌jd .; jQ ishji ;=< N+ñlïmd wk;=rej,ska ol=Kq wdishdfõ ;=ka ,la‍I mkia‌ oyila‌ ^ 350"000& muK ñhf.dia‌ ;sfí' ydks jQ foam< jákdlu remsh,a ì,shk .Kkls' bkaÈhdj" fkamd,h" mlsia‌:dkh" we*a.ksia‌:dkh" Y%S ,xldj fï fÄojdplfha f.dÿre njg m;a jQ m%Odk ol=Kq wdishdkq rgj,ah'

ol=Kq wdishdfõ m%Odk NQ ;, f¾Ld wY%s;j YS>%fhka isÿjk kd.ÍlrKh fya;=fjka N+ñlïmd urK ,ehsia‌;=j Èfkka Èk by< hñka ;sfí' fkamd,fha u< isrerej,ska lshdmdkafka wúêu;a kd.ÍlrKfha m%;sM,hkah' fyg Èkfha fjkia‌ úh yela‌fla fï m%;sM, msg lrk k.rh muKs'

N+ñlïmd we;sjkafka flfiao@

mD:súh iE§ we;af;a m%Odk N+ ;, follsks' tu N+ ;, fol kï id.r ;,h ^oceanic plate& iy uyoaùmsl ;,h ^continental plate& fõ' fuu uyoaùmsl ;,h m%Odk N+ ;, wglska iy l=vd uÜ‌gfï N+ ;, kuhlska iukaú;h' fuu ishÆ N+ ;, wia‌:dhs f,i ks;r tyd fuyd .uka lrñka ;sfí' iuyr N+ ;, b;d fõ.fhka .uka lrk w;r we;eï tajd b;d fiñka .uka lrkq ,nhs' fï jk úg;a bkaÈhdkq N+ ;,h jirlg fikaá ógr 5 la‌ muK W;=re wdishdj foig .uka lrñka isà' fufia .uka lsÍfï§ N+ ;, udhsfï ksrka;r .eàï we;s fõ' iudk n, we;s ;, .eàfuka l÷ ks¾udKh jk w;r m%;súreoaO n, iys; ;, .eàfuka wjdg ks¾udKh fõ' iuyr N+ ;, wl%Sh jk w;r we;eï tajd b;d il%Sh ;;a;ajfha mj;S' il%Sh N+ ;, .eàfuka .sksl÷ Wm; ,nhs'

f,dalfha b;d il%Shu N+ ;,h f,i ie,flkafka iqud;%d N+ ;,hhs' iqud;%d N+ ;,fha Èklg N+ñlïmd ishhla‌ muK isÿjk wjia‌:do ;sfí' fuu N+ ;, lïmkfhka ìysjk m%pKa‌v r< iqkdñ ^Tsunami& f,i y÷kajhs' fuu r< mehg lsf,daógr 400 l muK fõ.fhka .uka lrk w;r óg¾ 20-30 Wilg uqyqÿ r< ks¾udKh lrkq ,nhs' 2004 jif¾ foieïn¾ 26 Èk Y%S ,xldjg n,mEfõ fujeks iqkdñhls'

iEu fudfyd;lu fmdf<dj wNHka;rfha N+ ;, .eàï isÿfõ' fuu .eàï fmdf<dj wdikafka isÿ fjoa§ we;s lrk n,mEu b;d ydksodhlh'

ta jdf.au .eUqre fmdf<dfõ§ isÿjk N+ñlïmdj,ska we;s flfrk miqlïmk ^Aftershock& fkdis;+ fudfyd;l udkj ckdjdi u; oeä n,mEu we;s lrkq ,nhs' miq.shod ^uehs 12od& fkamd,fha fojeks jr isÿ jQ N+ lïmkh wfma%,a 25 jeksod isÿ jQ uq,a N+ lïmkfha miqlïmkhla‌ f,i N+ úoHd{fhda i,lkq ,nhs' fuu miqlïmk jir .Kkdjla‌ mqrd mej;sh yelsh' Y%S ,xldfõ 2004 iqkdñ jHikhg n,mE uQ,sl N+ lïmkh f,i N+ úoHd{hka i,lkq ,nkafka 1833 jif¾ bkaÿksishdfõ l%lfgdajd ^Krakatoa& .sks lkao mqmqrd heuh' fuh f,dal b;sydifha y`v ke.+ msmsÍula‌ úh'

;sia‌yh oyilg ^36000& wêl msßilg urKh Wreu lrÿka fuu msmsÍfuka i,a*¾ fgdka ñ,shk 20 la‌ muK jdhqf.da,hg tl;= ù ;sfí' .sks l÷ ÿu jdhq f.da,hg uqiqùfuka wjqreÿ 5 la‌ mqrd f,dal WIaK;ajh fiakaá%f.aâ wxYl 1'2 ^1'2C& my< f.dia‌ ;sìKs'

Y%S ,xldj N+ lïmk l,dmhg <xfjhs

Y%S ,xldjg ol=Kq foiska lsf,da óg¾ 500-700 w;r ÿrlska bkaÿ - Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq N+ ;,fha kj;u N+ úfNaok l,dmfha n,mEfuka Y%S ,xldfõ N+ñlïmd wk;=re by< hd yels nj N+ úoHd{fhda wk;=re w`.j;s'

fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,fha N+ úoHd{ fc HIaG uydpd¾h iS' î' Èidkdhl" uydpd¾h lms, oykdhl" uydpd¾h ú,anÜ‌ flfy,amkak, hk N+ úoHd{hka fï wjodkï l,dmh ms<sn| jd¾;d bÈßm;a fldg we;af;a fndfyda l,l isgh' bkaÿ - Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq N+ ;,h úfNaokh ùu werfUkafka jir ñ,shk mkylg muK fmr isgh' bÈßhg;a jir ñ,shk oyhla‌ muK fuu úfNaokh isÿúh yels nj Tjqyq wk;=re w`.j;s'

fldf<dïìhd úYajúoHd,hg wkqnoaO Lamont Doherty mD:sú ksÍla‍IKd.drfha ^LDEO& N+ úoHd{ fþïia‌ fldla‌rka ^James Cochran& mjikafka ksh; jYfhkau bkaÿ Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq N+ ;yvqj úfNaokh jkq njhs' fuu úfNaokfhka wdishdj ;jÿrg;a ysud,h iy áfnÜ‌ idkqj foig ;,aÆ ù hd yels nj Tyq mjihs'

fuu N+ ;, úfNaokfha we;s jk wia‌:dhs N+ l,dmfha oekgu;a ks¾udKh ù we;s nj mjik N+ úoHd{" uydpd¾h iS' î' Èidkdhl uy;d bÈßfha§ Y%S ,xldfõ uOHu l÷lrfha kdhheï by< heug fuu ;;a;ajh oeäj n, mE yels nj mjihs'

bkaÿ Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq N+ ;,fha kj úfNaok l,dmh ìysùu we;eï N+ úoHd{fhda neyer lrkq ,n;s' tkuq;a weußld tla‌i;a ckmofha N+ úoHd ióla‍IK m¾fhaIK wdh;kh ^USGS& meyeÈ<sju Tjqkaf.a N+ úfNaok is;shïj, fuu kj l,dmh i,l=K lr we;' tu l,dmh Y%S ,xldj iómfha msysgd we;s njo tu jd¾;dj, i|ykah'

wm l< hq;af;a l=ula‌o@

1615 wfma%,a 14 jk Èk fld<U k.rfha isÿ jQ oejeka; N+ñ lïmdjlska foish fokl= muK ñhf.dia‌ ksjdi 700 la‌ muK ìug iu;,d ùfï isoaêhla‌ mD;=.d,fha f,aLkd.dr jd¾;dj, i|yka fõ' 1616 ,sia‌nka k.rfha uqo%Kh jQ l=vd fmd;l fuu jd¾;dj we;=<;aj ;sî we;' ta jf.au 1814 cqks 14 jeksod uvl,mqfõo 1976 ;x.,af,ao" 1979 nÿ,a," mia‌ir hk m%foaYj, o 2012 jif¾ wïmdr m%foaYfhao N+ñlïmd isÿj ;sfí'

2012 N+ lïmkh fya;= jQfha bkaÿ Tia‌fÜ%,shdkq N+ ;,h u; we;s jQ .eàuls' fuu N+ lïmkfha n,mEu nx.,dfoaYh" bkaÈhdj" bkaÿksishdj" uef,aishdj" ud,Èjhsk" isx.mamQrej" ,xldj" ;dhs,ka;h wd§ rgj,go n, mE w;r lïmkfha n,mEfuka we;s jQ yDo frda.j,ska 10 fokl= muK ñh .sfhah'

ßla‌g¾ udml 5 fyda 6 w;r úYd, N+ñlïmdjla‌ Y%S ,xldfõ isÿ jqjfyd;a f.dvke.s,sj,g nrm;< ydks isÿúh yels nj N+ úoHd{fhda mji;s'

tfukau ßla‌g¾ udml 7 g jeä N+ lïmdjla‌ Y%S ,xldfõ ngysr isg kef.kysr foig jgkúysfok N+ lïmk l,dmfha isÿ jqjfyd;a iqkdñ ;;a;ajhla‌ we;s ùfï wjodkula‌ mj;S' tfukau rg wNHka;rfha isÿ jk N+ lïmdjlska nrm;<u ydksh isÿúh yela‌fla uOH l÷lr m%foaYhgh'

uOH l÷lrh wY%S; msysgd we;s c,dYj, neñj,g nrm;< ydks isÿùfï wjOdku b;d by<h' 2007 cqks udifha ;sia‌iuydrdu m%foaYfha N+ p,k 4 la‌ isÿúh' fuu m%foaYfha ÆKq.ïfjfyr c,dYh msysgd we;s neúka fuu c,dYh ms<sn|j ksrka;r wjOdkhla‌ fhduq lr ;sîu b;d jeo.;ah'

fmr iQodku

mD:súfha N+ p,k ksÍla‍IKh lsÍu i|yd kùk ;dla‍IKsl WmlrK fhdod .ekSu flfrys N+ úoHd{hkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq ù we;' pkao%sld o;a; iu`. GPS ^Global Positioning System& ;dla‍IKh" f,dalfha wd¾:sl w;ska fmdfydi;a rgj, fhdod.ksñka w;ayodne,Sï isÿ lrhs' ksrka;rfhka N+ñlïmd isÿjk weußldfõ le,sf*dakshd m%dka;fha N+ lïmk urK wju lr.ekSug GPS ;dla‍IKh iu;aj ;sîu ol=Kq wdishdkq jeishkag i;=gqodhl m%jD;a;shla‌ úh yel' kuq;a wd¾:slfha È<s÷ Ndjh Tjqkaf.a i;=g Wÿrdf.k ;sfí'

Y%S ,xldfõ l÷lr wY%s;j GPS WmlrK iúlsÍfuka wkd.;fha isÿjk N+ñlïmd ms<sn|j o;a; ,nd.; yelsh'

fuu GPS ;dla‍IKh u.ska jdhq f.da,fha le<öï ksÍla‍IKh lsÍug yelsùu fya;=fjka ia‌Ndúl úm;aj,ska isÿjk ydks wju lr .ekSugo yelsh' fuh ñ, wêl jHdmD;shls' fujeks jHdmD;s rfÜ wd¾:slh u; ;SrKh jkq we;'

ol=Kq wdishdkq foaYmd,k wêldßh ia‌Ndúl úm;a wju lr .ekSu fjkqfjka fmdÿ iïuq;shlg t<öu b;d läkñka isÿ l< hq;=h we;' Y%S ,xldfõ N+ úoHd{hka iy bkaÈhdkq N+ úoHd{hka taldnoaOj m¾fhaIK isÿ lsÍfuka bÈßfha§ oejeka; N+ñlïmdj,ska isÿjk urK wju lr.; yels jkq we;' foaYmd,k kHdh m;% mfil ;nd wdishdkq foaYmd,k kdhlhka fmruqKg meñKSu ;j;a mud l< hq;= ke;'

idudkHfhka N+ñlïmdjlska ñksiqkag ydks isÿjkafka ke;' bka nrm;<u ydks isÿjkafka f.dvke.s,sj,gh' tneúka f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍfï§ Y%S ,xldfõ jdia‌;= úoHd{hka N+ñlïmd ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lr ie,iqï ilia‌ lrkafka kï bÈßfha§ oejeka; úkdYhla‌ j<ld .; yelsh' weußldfõ le,sf*dakshd m%dka;fha merKs .fvd,a f.dvke.s,s oyia‌ .Kkla‌ lvd bj;a lr ta fjkqjg jdfka ;yvq iy fldkal%SÜ‌ fhdod bÈlsÍï isÿ lsÍfuka N+ñlïmd urK wju lr f.k ;sfí' cmdkho Tjqkaf.a idïm%odhsl .Dy ks¾udK l,dj fjkqjg N+ñlïmdjkag Tfrd;a;= fok ksjdi bÈlsÍfuka ydks wju lrf.k ;sfí' wjdikdjlg Y%S ,xldfõ fï iïnkaOfhka ixjdohla‌ mjd fkd;sîu wkd.;fha oejeka; úkdYhlg uq, msÍuls'

N+ñlïmdjlg fmr iQodku

• .sks ksjk WmlrKhla‌" m%:udOdr fmÜ‌áhla‌" negßfhka l%shd lrk .=jka úÿ,s hka;%hla‌" úÿ,s mkaoula‌ iy wu;r negß Tn;a ksjfia ;nd.kak'
• m%:udOdr §u ms<sn|j bf.k .kak'
• .Eia‌ iy úÿ,sh bla‌uKska wl%Sh lrk wdldrh bf.k .kak'
• N+lïmkhlska miq Tfí mjq, yuqjk ia‌:dkhla‌ ie,iqï lr.kak'
• ksjfia rdla‌l u; nr jia‌;= ;eîfuka j<lskak'
• ,S nvq YS;lrK" fmdf<dfõ wdOdrl u; r|jd ;nkak'
• N+ñlïmdjl§ uqyqK §u iïnkaOfhka mdif,a§ yd /lshd ia‌:dkfha§ ie,iqï lrkak'

NQñlïmd w;r;=r

• ikaiqka jkak' Tn ksjfia we;=<; isà kï we;=<; isákak' msg; isàkï msg; isákak'
• Tn ksjfia we;=<; isà kï tu ksjfia ueog jkakg ;sfnk ì;a;s wdikakfha /£ fkdisákak' Tn /£ isáh hq;af;a fodr udjf;ah'
• Yla‌;su;a ,S NdKa‌v ;sfí kï tajd hgg .uka lrkak'
• msg; fodrj,a yd cfka, wdikakfha /£ fkdisákak'
• Tn t<suyfka isà kï úÿ,s /yeka fkdue;s újD; m%foaYhlg hkak'
• f.dvke.s,s wi, isàfuka j<lskak'
• .sksfmÜ‌á" bámkaoï Ndú;fhka j<lskak' ukao leã.sh .Eia‌k<j,ska .sks .ekSï we;s úh yel'
• Tn fudag¾ r:h Odjkh lrñka isákafka kï jydu fudag¾ r:h kj;ajkak' N+ñlïmdj wjika jk;=re fudag¾ r:h ;=< /£ isákak'
• úÿ,s fidamdk Ndú; fkdlrkak'

NQñlïmdfjka miq

• ;=jd,lrejkag yels bla‌uKska m%:udOdr ,ndfokak'
• c,h" .Eia‌" úÿ,s /yeka mÍla‍Id lrkak'
• ksjfia fodr cfk,a újD; lr bj;g hkak'
• .=jka úÿ,s hka;%h l%shd;aul lrkak' yÈis wjia‌:djl§ yer cx.u ÿrl:kh l%shd;aul fkdlrkak'
• levqKq f.dvke.s,s wdikakfhka bj;g hkak'
• uqyqÿ fjrf<ka bj;aj hkak' N+ñlïmd k;r jQjo iqkdñ wjodku myj hkafka ke;'
• miqlïmk we;súh yels neúka wjOdkfhka isákak'
• 2004 iqkdñ jHjikfha§ oejeka; úkdYla‌ isÿ jQ neúka Y%S ,dxlshka fuu lreKq flfrys úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'

-osjhsk-

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